2 University of São Paulo “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture Free living astigmatid mites (Astigmatina): new taxa, rearing and use for mesostigmatid (Mesostigmata) predatory mite production Marina Ferraz de Camargo Barbosa Thesis presented to obtain the degree of Doctor in Science. Area: Entomology Piracicaba 2016 Marina Ferraz de Camargo Barbosa B.S. and B.Ed. in Biology Free living astigmatid mites (Astigmatina): new taxa, rearing and use for mesostigmatid (Mesostigmata) predatory mite production versão revisada de acordo com a resolução CoPGr 6018 de 2011 Advisor: Prof. Dr. GILBERTO JOSÉ DE MORAES Thesis presented to obtain the degree of Doctor in Science. Area: Entomology Piracicaba 2016 Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação DIVISÃO DE BIBLIOTECA - DIBD/ESALQ/USP Barbosa, Marina Ferraz de Camargo Free living astigmatid mites (Astigmatina): new taxa, rearing and use for mesostigmatid (Mesostigmata) predatory mite production / Marina Ferraz de Camargo Barbosa. - - versão revisada de acordo com a resolução CoPGr 6018 de 2011. - - Piracicaba, 2016. 136 p. : il. Tese (Doutorado) - - Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”. 1. Astigmatina 2. Ácaros de alimentos armazenados 3. Ácaros associados a abelhas 4. Acaridae 5. Pyroglyphidae 6. Echimyopodidae 7. Criação massal 8. Laelapidae 9. Rhodacaridae I. Título CDD 595.42 B238f “Permitida a cópia total ou parcial deste documento, desde que citada a fonte – O autor” 3 To my husband Marcelo Elias Delaneze For his love and unbreakable support. You are the salt of the Earth. To my parents Anna Maria Perosa Ferraz de Camargo Divaldo Bandória Barbosa For their support, and constant encouragement I have received over the years Offer To Dr. Gilberto José de Moraes For setting an example of excellence as a researcher, mentor, instructor and role model Special thanks 4 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My sincere thanks goes to Dr. Barry OConnor and Dr. Pavel Klimov who provided me an amazing opportunity to join their team for a year, in which they taught me about this amazing mite group, provided me access to the laboratory and research facilities. Without their precious support, it would not be possible to conduct this research; I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. Dr. Carlos H. W. Flechtmann, for assistance provided whenever needed and for all good talking over the years; To Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo especially to “Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia”, for providing the necessary support for developing this work; To “Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia”, especially to its coordinators, Dr. José Mauricio Simões Bento and Dr. Fernando Luis Cônsoli, and the secretary Andrea Varella Sintoni, for supporting my activities; To the team of EEB, University of Michigan, for all the support provided since my first day at Ann Arbor; I thank my fellow labmates, Ana C. Cavalcante, Daniel C. Oliveira, Diana M. Rueda, Érika P. J. Britto, Fernanda de C. N. Esteca, Geovanny Barroso, Grazielle F. Moreira, Jandir C. Santos, Letícia H. Azevedo, Marcela M. R. da Silva, Paula C. Lopes, Peterson R. Demite, Raphael C. Castilho and Renan V. da Silva for the help, stimulating discussions and for all the fun we had had in the last four years; To Pamela Murillo and Juan Rojas for the friendship during our staying in A2; To the scientific laboratory technician, Lásaro V. F. da Silva, for laboratory help and activities support; I would like to thank the exemplary librarians of the “Biblioteca Central”, especially those involved in the corrections of this thesis; 6 To my dear friends Wiolene and Thais for all the laugh they provided; To Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), for granting the scholarships that supported me during my doctoral studies. 7 CONTENTS RESUMO ................................................................................................................................... 9 ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................. 11 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 13 References ................................................................................................................................ 15 2 A NEW SPECIES OF Thyreophagus (ACARI: ACARIDAE) FROM BRAZIL, WITH NOTES ON SPECIES ASSOCIATED WITH STORED FOOD AND HUMAN HABITATS AND A KEY TO SPECIES OF THIS GENUS ....................................................................... 21 Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... 21 a. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 21 b. Material and Methods ........................................................................................................ 21 c. Results ............................................................................................................................... 22 d. Discussion ......................................................................................................................... 32 References ................................................................................................................................ 38 3 REVISION OF THE GENUS Neotropacarus BAKER, 1985 (ASTIGMATINA: ACARIDAE) WITH DESCRIPTION OF THREE NEW SPECIES ....................................... 43 Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... 43 a. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 43 b. Material and Methods ........................................................................................................ 44 c. Results ............................................................................................................................... 44 References ................................................................................................................................ 70 4 DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW GENERA AND SIX NEW SPECIES OF ACARID (ACARIDAE: HORSTIINAE) MITES ASSOCIATED WITH APID (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE) BEES ....................................................................................................................... 43 Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... 73 a. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 73 b. Material and Methods ........................................................................................................ 74 c. Results ............................................................................................................................... 74 References .............................................................................................................................. 109 5 POTENTIAL OF ASTIGMATID MITES (ACARI: ASTIGMATINA) AS PREY FOR REARING EDAPHIC PREDATORY MITES OF THE FAMILIES LAELAPIDAE AND RHODACARIDAE (MESOSTIGMATA) ............................................................................... 73 8 Abstract .................................................................................................................................. 113 a. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 113 b. Material and Methods ..................................................................................................... 115 c Results ............................................................................................................................. 116 d Discussion ....................................................................................................................... 118 e Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 119 References .............................................................................................................................. 119 6 PRODUCTION OF THE HOUSE DUST MITES Blomia tropicalis BRONSWIJK, DE COCK AND OSHIMA (ECHIMYOPODIDAE) AND Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (TROUESSART) (ASTIGMATINA: ECHIMYOPODIDAE; PYROGLYPHIDAE) .......... 123 Abstract .................................................................................................................................. 123 a. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 123 b. Material and methods ...................................................................................................... 124 c. Results ............................................................................................................................. 127 d. Discussion ....................................................................................................................... 130 References .............................................................................................................................