NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics Quantum Nano-Photonics Edited by Baldassare Di Bartolo Luciano Silvestri Maura Cesaria John Collins AB 3 Quantum Nano-Photonics NATO Science for Peace and Security Series This Series presents the results of scientific meetings supported under the NATO Programme: Science for Peace and Security (SPS). The NATO SPS Programme supports meetings in the following Key Priority areas: (1) Defence Against Terrorism; (2) Countering other Threats to Security and (3) NATO, Partner and Mediterranean Dialogue Country Priorities. The types of meetings supported are generally “Advanced Study Institutes” and “Advanced Research Workshops”. The NATO SPS Series collects together the results of these meetings. The meetings are co-organized by scientists from NATO countries and scientists from NATO’s “Partner” or “Mediterranean Dialogue” countries. The observations and recommendations made at the meetings, as well as the contents of the volumes in the Series, reflect those of participants and contributors only; they should not necessarily be regarded as reflecting NATO views or policy. Advanced Study Institutes (ASI) are high-level tutorial courses to convey the latest developments in a subject to an advanced-level audience. Advanced Research Workshops (ARW) are expert meetings where an intense but informal exchange of views at the frontiers of a subject aims at identifying directions for future action. Following a transformation of the programme in 2006, the Series has been re-named and re-organised. Recent volumes on topics not related to security, which result from meetings supported under the programme earlier, may be found in the NATO Science Series. The Series is published by IOS Press, Amsterdam, and Springer, Dordrecht, in conjunction with the NATO Emerging Security Challenges Division. Sub-Series A. Chemistry and Biology Springer B. Physics and Biophysics Springer C. Environmental Security Springer D. Information and Communication Security IOS Press E. Human and Societal Dynamics IOS Press http://www.nato.int/science http://www.springer.com http://www.iospress.nl Series B: Physics and Biophysics Quantum Nano-Photonics edited by Baldassare Di Bartolo Department of Physics, Boston College Chestnut Hill, MA, USA Luciano Silvestri Department of Physics, Boston College Chestnut Hill, MA, USA Maura Cesaria IMM-CNR, Lecce, Italy University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy and John Collins Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wheaton College Norton, MA, USA 123 Published in Cooperation with NATO Emerging Security Challenges Division Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Quantum Nano-Photonics Erice, Sicily, Italy 3 July–4 August 2017 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018950399 ISBN 978-94-024-1546-9 (PB) ISBN 978-94-024-1543-8 (HB) ISBN 978-94-024-1544-5 (e-book) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1544-5 Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. www.springer.com Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved © Springer Nature B.V. 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. “The greatest glory in living lies not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall.” Nelson Mandela Preface This book presents the proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute that took place at the Ettore Majorana Center in Erice, Sicily, Italy, from July 30 to August 4, 2017. The subject of the institute was Quantum Nano-Photonics. Several lecturers presented contributions in a systematic and didactical way, each lasting several hours; others presented seminar-like talks. Many participants pre- sented posters or short seminars. All these activities are reported in this publication. The institute was an activity of the International School of Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy which I preside. I have to thank several people for the success of the meeting. First of all, I like to mention Professor Sergey Gaponenko who was the efficient co-director of the institute. All the lecturers of course were of help, but I want to single out for their particularly generous contributions to the setting of the meeting: Professors Martin Wegener, John Bowen, and John Collins. The meeting also relied on the enthusiastic work of the two secretaries, Luciano Silvestri and Maura Cesaria. Antonino La Francesca, Elpidio Silvestri, and Elena Buscemi were also of notable help. I want to acknowledge the sponsorship of the meeting by the NATO Organiza- tion, Boston College, the Italian Ministry of Scientific Research and Technology, and the Sicilian Regional Government. At the end of this meeting, I want to look forward to the activities of the Ettore Majorana Center in years to come, including the 2019 meeting of the International School of Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy. Chestnut Hill, USA Baldassare Di Bartolo December 2017 vii The Co-Directors The Team Participants in Selinunte Participants in Erice Contents Part I Lectures 1 Nanophotonics with and without Photons ............................... 3 Sergey V. Gaponenko 2 Non-reciprocity in Parametrically Modulated Systems ................ 17 Martin Frimmer and Lukas Novotny 3 Nanophosphors: From Rare Earth Activated Multicolor-Tuning to New Efficient White Light Sources.............. 27 Maura Cesaria and Baldassare Di Bartolo 4 Non-radiative Processes in Crystals and Nanocrystals ................. 79 John M. Collins 5 Quantum Aspects of Biophotonics ........................................ 97 Jean-Pierre Wolf 6 Simulations in Nanophotonics............................................. 117 Antonino Calà Lesina, Joshua Baxter, Pierre Berini, and Lora Ramunno 7 Terahertz Nanoscale Science and Technology ........................... 133 John W. Bowen 8 Casimir Forces: Fundamental Theory, Computation, and Nanodevice Applications.............................................. 149 Fabrizio Pinto 9 Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies for Photon Radiation Enhanced Cancer Treatment .............................................. 181 Diana Adliene 10 Fundamental Experiments and Quantum Technology Applications with Defect Centres in Diamond .......................... 203 Oliver Benson xi xii Contents 11 Emerging Fields of Colloidal Nanophotonics for Quality Lighting to Versatile Lasing ............................................... 221 Hilmi Volkan Demir 12 Semiconductor Nanophotonics Using Surface Polaritons.............. 235 Thomas G. Folland and Joshua D. Caldwell 13 Waveguide Integrated Superconducting Single Photon Detectors .... 255 Wolfram H. P. Pernice 14 Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators as Opto-Mechanical Probes to Nanoparticle-Microcavity Interaction and Charge ......... 267 Stephen Arnold, J. R. Lopez, E. Treasurer, K. M. Snyder, and D. Keng 15 Novel Aspects of the Fabry-Pérot Resonator ............................ 277 Markus Pollnau and Nur Ismail 16 Performance of Nd3+ As Structural Probe of Rare-Earth Distribution in Transparent Nanostructured Glass-Ceramics ........ 297 Rolindes Balda, Giulio Gorni, José J. Velázquez, María J. Pascual, Alicia Durán, and Joaquín Fernández 17 Research on the Yb3+ Ion Activated Cubic Molybdates and Molybdato-Tungstates for Optical Transparent Ceramics ....... 315 M. Guzik, M. Bieza, E. Tomaszewicz, Y. Guyot, and G. Boulon Part II Short Seminars 18 Quantum Key Distribution Over Free Space ............................ 357 Fabian Beutel, Jasper Rödiger, Nicolas Perlot, Ronald Freund, and Oliver Benson 19 Modelling of Coloured Metal Surfaces by Plasmonics Nanoparticles .............................................. 361 Antonino Calà Lesina, Jean-Michel Guay, Arnaud Weck, Pierre Berini, and Lora Ramunno 20 Exciton Dynamics of Colloidal Semiconductor Quantum Well Stacks ...................................................... 365 Onur Erdem, Burak Guzelturk, Murat Olutas, Yusuf Kelestemur, and Hilmi Volkan Demir 21 InAsP Quantum Dots in InP Nanowire Waveguides as Sources of Quantum Light .......................................................... 369 James R. Godfrey, Golnaz Azodi, James A. H. Stotz, and James M. Fraser 22 Diamond Nanophotonic Circuits.......................................... 371 W. Hartmann, P. Rath, and W. H. P. Pernice Contents xiii 23 Superchiral Near Fields in Photonic Crystal Waveguides ............. 373 Isabelle Palstra and Dolfine Kosters 24 Neodymium Doped Luminescent Composites Derived from the Sols