Bart Verheij Marco Wiering (Eds.) Communications in Computer and Information Science 823 Artificial Intelligence 29th Benelux Conference, BNAIC 2017 Groningen, The Netherlands, November 8–9, 2017 Revised Selected Papers 123 Communications in Computer and Information Science 823 Commenced Publication in 2007 Founding and Former Series Editors: Alfredo Cuzzocrea, Xiaoyong Du, Orhun Kara, Ting Liu, Dominik Ślęzak, and Xiaokang Yang Editorial Board Simone Diniz Junqueira Barbosa Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Phoebe Chen La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia Joaquim Filipe Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal, Setúbal, Portugal Igor Kotenko St. Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia Krishna M. Sivalingam Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India Takashi Washio Osaka University, Osaka, Japan Junsong Yuan Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore Lizhu Zhou Tsinghua University, Beijing, China More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7899 Bart Verheij • Marco Wiering (Eds.) Artificial Intelligence 29th Benelux Conference, BNAIC 2017 Groningen, The Netherlands, November 8–9, 2017 Revised Selected Papers 123 Editors Bart Verheij Marco Wiering Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence University of Groningen University of Groningen Groningen Groningen The Netherlands The Netherlands ISSN 1865-0929 ISSN 1865-0937 (electronic) Communications in Computer and Information Science ISBN 978-3-319-76891-5 ISBN 978-3-319-76892-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76892-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018934359 © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer International Publishing AG part of Springer Nature The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Preface BNAIC is the annual Benelux Conference on Artificial Intelligence. In 2017, the 29th edition of BNAIC was organized by the Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Cog- nitive Engineering (ALICE), University of Groningen, under the auspices of the Benelux Association for Artificial Intelligence (BNVKI) and the Dutch Research School for Information and Knowledge Systems (SIKS). BNAIC 2017 took place in Het Kasteel, Groningen, The Netherlands, on November 8–9, 2017. BNAIC 2017 included invited speakers, research presentations, posters, demonstrations, a deep learning workshop (organized by our sponsor NVI- DIA) and a research and business session. Some 160 participants visited the conference. The four BNAIC 2017 keynote speakers were: – Marco Dorigo, Université Libre de Bruxelles “Swarm Robotics: Current Research Directions at IRIDIA” – Laurens van der Maaten, Facebook AI Research “From Visual Recognition to Visual Understanding” – Luc Steels, Institute for Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona “Digital Replicants and Mind-Uploading” – Rineke Verbrugge, University of Groningen “Recursive Theory of Mind: Between Logic and Cognition” Three FACt talks (FACulty focusing on the FACts of Artificial Intelligence) were scheduled: – Bert Bredeweg, Universiteit van Amsterdam “Humanly AI: Creating Smart People with AI” – Eric Postma, Tilburg University “Towards Artificial Human-Like Intelligence” – Geraint Wiggins, Queen Mary University of London/Vrije Universiteit Brussel “Introducing Computational Creativity” Authors were invited to submit papers on all aspects of artificial intelligence. This year we received 68 submissions in total. Of the 30 submitted Type A regular papers, 11 (37%) were accepted for oral presentation, and 14 (47%) for poster presentation. Five (17%) were rejected. Of the 19 submitted Type B compressed contributions, 17 (89%) were accepted for oral presentation, and two (11%) for poster presentation. None were rejected. All six submitted Type C demonstration abstracts were accepted. Of the submitted 13 Type D thesis abstracts, five (38%) were accepted for oral presentation, and eight (62%) for poster presentation. None were rejected. The selection was made using peer review. Each submission was assigned to three members of the Program Committee, and their expert reviews were the basis for our decisions. VI Preface All submissions accepted for oral or poster presentations and all demonstration abstracts appeared in the electronic preproceedings, made available on the conference website during the conference (http://bnaic2017.ai.rug.nl/). All 11 Type A regular papers accepted for oral presentation (37%) appear in these proceedings, in the Springer CCIS series. The BNAIC 2017 conference would not have been possible without the support and efforts of many. We thank the members of the Program Committee for their con- structive and scholarly reviews. We are grateful to Elina Sietsema, Carlijne de Vries, and Sarah van Wouwe, members of the administrative staff at the Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Engineering (ALICE), for their tireless and reliable support. We thank our local organization team Luca Bandelli, Abe Brandsma, Tomasz Darmetko, Mingcheng Ding, Ana Dugeniuc, Joel During, Ameer Islam, Siebert Looije, René Mellema, Michaela Mrázková, Annet Onnes, Benjamin Shafrey, Sjaak ten Caat, Albert Thie, Jelmer van der Linde, Luuk van Keeken, Paul Veldhuyzen, Randy Wind, and Galiya Yeshmagambetova, all of them students in our BSc and MSc Artificial Intelligence programs, for enthusiastically volunteering to help out in many ways. We thank Annet Onnes for preparing the proceedings, Jelmer van der Linde for developing the website, Randy Wind for designing the program leaflet, and Albert Thie for coordinating the local organization. We are grateful to our sponsors for their generous support of the conference: – Target Holding – NVIDIA Deep Learning Institute – Anchormen – Quint – The Netherlands Research School for Information and Knowledge Systems (SIKS) – SIM-CI – Textkernel – LuxAI – IOS Press – Stichting Knowledge-Based Systems (SKBS) – SSN Adaptive Intelligence Two awards were presented during the conference. The BNAIC 2017 SNN Best Paper Award was won by Mathijs Pieters and Marco Wiering for their paper “Comparison of Machine Learning Techniques for Multi-label Genre Classification.” The BNAIC 2017 SKBS Best Demo Award was won by Denis Steckelmacher, Hèléne Plisnier, Diederik M. Roijers, and Ann Nowé for their demonstration entitled “Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning for a Robotic Partially Observable Task.” Organizing the 2017 edition of the annual BNAIC conference series was an honor and a pleasure. We hope to meet you at a future edition. February 2018 Bart Verheij Marco Wiering Organization General Chairs Bart Verheij University of Groningen, The Netherlands Marco Wiering University of Groningen, The Netherlands Contact and Administration Elina Sietsema University of Groningen, The Netherlands Carlijne de Vries University of Groningen, The Netherlands Sarah van Wouwe University of Groningen, The Netherlands Local Organization Luca Bandelli University of Groningen, The Netherlands Abe Brandsma University of Groningen, The Netherlands Tomasz Darmetko University of Groningen, The Netherlands Mingcheng Ding University of Groningen, The Netherlands Ana Dugeniuc University of Groningen, The Netherlands Joel During University of Groningen, The Netherlands Ameer Islam University of Groningen, The Netherlands Siebert Looije University of Groningen, The Netherlands René Mellema University of Groningen, The Netherlands Michaela Mràzková University of Groningen, The Netherlands Annet Onnes University of Groningen, The Netherlands Benjamin Shafrey University of Groningen, The Netherlands Sjaak ten Caat University of Groningen, The Netherlands Albert Thie University of Groningen, The Netherlands Jelmer van der Linde University of Groningen, The Netherlands Luuk van Keeken University of Groningen, The Netherlands Paul Veldhuyzen University of Groningen, The Netherlands Randy Wind University of Groningen, The Netherlands Galiya University of Groningen, The Netherlands Yeshmagambetova Program Committee Stylianos Asteriadis Maastricht University, The Netherlands Reyhan Aydogan Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Floris Bex Utrecht University,