Socratic, Platonic and Aristotelian Studies: Essays in Honor of Gerasimos Santas PHILOSOPHICAL STUDIES SERIES VOLUME 117 Founded by Wilfrid S. Sellars and Keith Lehrer Editor Stephen Hetherington, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Senior Advisory Editor Keith Lehrer, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, U.S.A. Associate Editor Stewart Cohen, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, U.S.A. Board of Consulting Editors Lynne Rudder Baker, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, U.S.A. Radu Bogdan, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, U.S.A. Marian David, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, U.S.A. John M. Fischer, University of California, Riverside, CA, U.S.A. Allan Gibbard, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, U.S.A. Denise Meyerson, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia François Recanati, Institut Jean-Nicod, EHESS, Paris, France Mark Sainsbury, University of Texas, Austin, TX, U.S.A. Stuart Silvers, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, U.S.A. Barry Smith, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, U.S.A. Nicholas D. Smith, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, OR, U.S.A. Linda Zagzebski, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, U.S.A. For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/6459 Georgios Anagnostopoulos Editor Socratic, Platonic and Aristotelian Studies: Essays in Honor of Gerasimos Santas 123 Editor Georgios Anagnostopoulos Department of Philosophy University of California-San Diego La Jolla, CA 92093-0119, USA [email protected] ISBN 978-94-007-1729-9 e-ISBN 978-94-007-1730-5 DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-1730-5 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011934286 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Gerasimos Santas Contents Acknowledgements ............................. ix Abbreviations of Plato’s Works ....................... xi Abbreviations of Aristotle’s Works ..................... xiii Contributors ................................. xv About the Authors .............................. xvii Introduction ................................. xxiii 1 The Diagnostic Function of Socratic Definitions ........... 1 Michael Ferejohn 2 Definition and Elenchus ........................ 19 Nicholas White 3 Reasons and the Problem of the Socratic Elenchos ......... 35 Alejandro Santana 4 Santas, Socrates, and Induction .................... 53 Mark L. McPherran 5 Socrates Mythologikos ......................... 75 Fred D. Miller 6 Is the Prudential Paradox in the Meno? ............... 93 Thomas C. Brickhouse and Nicholas D. Smith 7 Gerasimos ................................ 103 Terry Penner 8 Beyond De Re: Toward a Dominance Theory of Desire Attribution ............................... 125 Naomi Reshotko 9 The Good and the Just in Plato’s Gorgias ............... 145 Christopher Rowe vii viii Contents 10 Socrates, Wisdom and Pedagogy ................... 165 George Rudebusch 11 The Republic as Philosophical Drama ................. 185 John P. Anton 12 Function, Ability and Desire in Plato’s Republic ........... 205 Antonis Coumoundouros and Ronald Polansky 13 Knowledge, Virtue, and Method in Republic 471c–502c ....... 219 Hugh H. Benson 14 Reasoning About Justice in Plato’s Republic ............. 245 Anthony W. Price 15 Plato on Justice ............................. 255 David Keyt 16 Plato on the Ideal of Justice and Human Happiness: Return to the Cave (Republic 519e–521b) ............... 271 Yuji Kurihara 17 Surpassing in Dignity and Power: The Metaphysics of Goodness in Plato’s Republic .................... 281 Christopher Shields 18 Comments on Plato’s Causal Explanation .............. 297 D.Z. Andriopoulos 19 Desires and Faculties in Plato and Aristotle ............. 323 Deborah K.W. Modrak 20 Is Aristotle’s Function Argument Fallacious? ............ 335 Gavin Lawrence 21 Aristotle on Discovering and Desiring the Real Good ........ 367 Mariana Anagnostopoulos 22 Continuity and Incommensurability in Ancient Greek Philosophy and Mathematics ..................... 389 Vassilis Karasmanis The Works of Gerasimos Santas ...................... 401 Index ..................................... 405 Acknowledgements Editing this volume has been both a pleasure and a learning experience. It gave me the opportunity to reconnect with some colleagues I have known for years and to become acquainted with additional ones, all of whom share an admiration for Professor Gerasimos (Jerry) Santas’ work on ancient Greek philosophy. Interacting with them and dealing with editorial matters in connection with their contributions proved, contrary to accepted wisdom, an enjoyable undertaking. At the same time, while working on the volume I learned much from the essays within it about the thought of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. All the authors make important contri- butions to the study of ancient philosophy, and some of them make considerable advances in the scholarly debates on the thought of these three seminal thinkers. I want to thank all the authors for accepting the invitation to participate in the project, for their cooperation throughout the editorial process and, above all, for their contributions. I am also grateful to them for their perseverance. The first steps toward publishing these essays in honor of Professor Santas started in 2006, but for reasons that none could have foreseen or even imagined at that time, it has taken years to finish the project. I appreciate their support in keeping the project alive. (Earlier versions of the essays in this volume appeared in two issues of Philosophical Inquiry, Vol. XXX, No. 3–4, 2008 and Vol. XXXI, No. 1–2, 2009.) Special thanks are owed to a number of people who have been most helpful with the publication of this volume: the editor of Springer’s Philosophical Studies Series, Professor Stephen Hetherington, for his encouragement and decision to con- sider the volume for the series; Professor Nicholas D. Smith for all his efforts throughout the process of finding a suitable publisher for the volume; an anony- mous referee for an exhaustive review of the manuscript; Ms. Ingrid van Laarhoven and Ms. Hendrikje Tuerlings at Springer for all their assistance in the publication of the volume; Ms. Karen Jessie for guiding the production of the volume and Craig Aguile for assisting with the proofs and index. It has been a special pleasure to work with all of them. Lastly, I would like to thank Jerry Santas for his invaluable assistance throughout the planning and preparation of the volume, but most of all for keeping the faith and helping to bring the project to a happy conclusion. ix x Acknowledgements It is with much affection that I and all the contributors dedicate this volume to Jerry, in recognition and appreciation of the major contributions he has made to the study of ancient Greek philosophy, his professional ethos, and his warm collegiality over an academic career that spans half a century. Del Mar, California Georgios Anagnostopoulos March 25, 2011 Abbreviations of Plato’s Works Alc. Alcibiades Ap. Apology Chrm. Charmides Cleit. Cleitophon Cra. Cratylus Criti. Critias Epin. Epinomis Epist. Epistles Euphr. Euthyphro Euthd. Euthydemus Grg. Gorgias H. Ma. Hippias Major H. Mi. Hippias Minor La. Laches Lys. Lysis Menex. Menexenus Phd. Phaedo Phdr. Phaedrus Phil. Philebus Pol. Politicus (Statesman) Prm. Parmenides Prt. Protagoras Rep. Republic Smp. Symposium Sph. Sophist Theag. Theages Tht. Theaetetus Ti. Timaeus xi Abbreviations of Aristotle’s Works An On the Soul (de Anima) An. Pr Prior Analytics (Analytica Priora) An. Post Posterior Analytics (Analytica Posteriora) Cael On the Heavens (de Caelo) Cat Categories (Categoriae) EE Eudemian Ethics (Ethica Eudemia) GC On Generation and Corruption (de Generatione et Corruptione) HA History of Animals (Historia Animalium) IA Progression of Animals (de Incessu Animalium) Int Interpretations (de Interpretatione) MA Movement of Animals (de Motu Animalium) Mem On Memory (de Memoria et Reminiscentia) Met Metaphysics (Metaphysica) Meteor Meteorology (Meteorologica) MM Magna Moralia Mund On the Universe (de Mundo) NE Nicomachean Ethics (Ethica Nicomachea) PA Parts of Animals (de Partibus Animalium) Phys Physics (Physica) Poet Poetics (Poetica) Pol Politics (Politica) Prob Problems (Problemata) Rhet Rhetoric (Rhetorica) SE Sophistical Refutations (Sophistici Elenchi) Sens Sense and Sensibilia (de Sensu et Sensibilibus) Top Topics (Topica) VV On Virtues and Vices (de Vertutibus et Vitiis) xiii Contributors Mariana Anagnostopoulos California State University, Fresno, CA, USA, [email protected] D.Z. Andriopoulos Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece John P. Anton University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA, [email protected] Hugh H. Benson University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA, [email protected] Thomas C. Brickhouse Lynchburg College, Lynchburg, VA, USA, [email protected] Antonis Coumoundouros Adrian College, Adrian, MI, USA, [email protected] Michael Ferejohn Duke University, Durham, NC, USA, [email protected] Vassilis Karasmanis National Technical University of Athens, Athens,