The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: Evaluation of the Dallas Police Department's Interactive Community Policing Program 1995- 1999, Final Report Author(s): Charles Mindel ; Richard F. Dangel ; Wayne Carson ; Maria L. Mays Document No.: 193429 Date Received: 03/27/2002 Award Number: 95-IJ-CX-0070 This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally- funded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. An Eduation of the Dallas Police Departments Interactive comm~~P0licingPr0~- 195-1999: Final Report This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Table of Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................. i Chapter I .History and Chronology of Community Policing in Dallas ............. 1 Review of Related Literature on Community Policing ............................................................. 2 Early Attempts at Community Policing in Dallas. Texas ........................................................ 11 Current Interactive Community Policing Initiative ................................................................. 11 Changes to Initial Implementation Plan .................................................................................. 11 Subsequent ICP Restructuring................................................................................................ 12 System Wide Training ........................................................................................................... 13 Major Interactive Community Policing Activities .................................................................. 15 Chapter 11- Metltodology Overview ............................................................................................................................... 17 Description of data collection methods ................................................................................... 18 Direct observation of police ................................................................................................... 18 a Police Officer Survey ............................................................................................................. 19 Police Activity Logs .............................................................................................................. 20 Neighborhood Meetings ......................................................................................................... 20 Citizen Telephone Survey ...................................................................................................... 21 Citizen Interviews .................................................................................................................. 22 Chapter III .Citizen Perceptions of Crime and Safety Perceptions of Social Disorder ............................................................................................... 26 Perceptions of Fear and Safety ............................................................................................... 30 Crime victimization ............................................................................................................... 37 Summary ............................................................................................................................... 39 Chapter IV .Citizen Perceptions of Police and the ICP Program Knowledge ofthe ICP program .............................................................................................. 43 Perceptions of Police ............................................................................................................. 46 0 Perception of police activity ................................................................................................... 46 This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Perception of police performance ........................................................................................... 52 m Perception of police availability ............................................................................................. 53 Summary ............................................................................................................................... 55 Chapter V .Officer Perceptions of the ICP Program and Citizens Allocation of Department Resources ...................................................................................... 57 Likely Changes with the Implementation of ICP .................................................................... 60 Officer Responsibilities.... .......................................................................................................... 66 Officer Decision-Making Autonomy ...................................................................................... 68 Trust between Officers and Citizens....................................................................................... 70 Citizen Roles and Contributions............................................................................................. 73 Summary ............................................................................................................................... 74 Chapter VI .Barriers and Solutions to ICP Implementation Review of the Literatures ....................................................................................................... 77 Methodology ......................................................................................................................... 79 a Barriers .................................................................................................................................. 80 Overcoming Barriers.............................................................................................................. 92 Summary ............................................................................................................................. 104 Chapter VII .Citizen Evaluations of Police Performance: The Effects of Community Policing Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 107 Sample ................................................................................................................................. 110 Latent Variables ................................................................................................................... 110 Observed Variables .............................................................................................................. 111 Results ................................................................................................................................. 112 Discussion ........................................................................................................................... 117 Chapter VIII .Fear of Crimefrom the Perspective of Citizens Living in High and Low Crime Areas: A Qualitative Study 0 Research Procedures ............................................................................................................ 122 This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Perceptions of Safety ........................................................................................................... 124 Perceived Relationship with Police ...................................................................................... 127 Summary ............................................................................................................................. 131 Chapter IX .Summary and Conclusions The Study ............................................................................................................................ 133 Implementation Issues ......................................................................................................... 135 Overcoming Implementation Barriers .................................................................................. 136 Citizens Perceptions of Crime, Safety, and Perceptions of Police ......................................... 137 Officer Perceptions of the ICP Program and Citizens ........................................................... 140 Effects of Community Policing on Citizen Evaluations of Police Performance..................... 143 References........................................................................................................................... 145 Appendices .........................................................................................................................