KANDY CITY TRANSPORT STUDY DRAFT FINAL REPORT University of Moratuwa in association with University of Peradeniya Sri Lanka July 2011 Kandy City Transport Study University of Moratuwa in association with University of Peradeniya Table of Contents Volume I 1 Introduction............................................................................................................................1-1 1.1 Background.....................................................................................................................1-1 1.2 Scope of Work ................................................................................................................1-1 1.3 Methodology...................................................................................................................1-4 1.4 Work Plan.......................................................................................................................1-5 1.5 Study Team.....................................................................................................................1-6 2 Study Area..............................................................................................................................2-1 2.1 Kandy City Profile ..........................................................................................................2-1 2.2 Study Area......................................................................................................................2-1 2.3 Demography & Economy................................................................................................2-2 2.4 Urban Profile of the City of Kandy..................................................................................2-2 2.5 Urban Development Plans for Kandy ..............................................................................2-5 2.6 Transport Networks in Study Area ..................................................................................2-6 2.6.1 Road Network .........................................................................................................2-7 2.6.2 Rail Network...........................................................................................................2-8 2.6.3 Bus Transport..........................................................................................................2-9 2.7 Major Traffic Attractors ................................................................................................ 2-10 2.8 Vehicle Ownership........................................................................................................ 2-10 2.9 Previous Transport Studies in Study Area...................................................................... 2-11 3 Data Collection.......................................................................................................................3-1 3.1 Field Visits & Discussions ..............................................................................................3-1 3.2 Field Data Collection ......................................................................................................3-1 3.3 Description of Surveys ....................................................................................................3-2 3.3.1 Study Area Cordon Surveys.....................................................................................3-2 3.3.2 Central Business District Cordon Surveys................................................................3-3 3.3.3 By-pass Surveys ......................................................................................................3-4 3.3.4 Junction Movements and Links Flow within CBD ................................................... 3-4 3.3.5 Pedestrian Surveys ..................................................................................................3-5 i | P a g e Kandy City Transport Study University of Moratuwa in association with University of Peradeniya 3.3.6 Bus & Rail Passenger Interviews .............................................................................3-6 3.3.7 Parking Survey........................................................................................................3-6 3.3.8 Trip Generation & Attraction Survey.......................................................................3-6 3.3.9 Saturday Surveys.....................................................................................................3-7 3.3.10 Road Inventory Data Collection...............................................................................3-8 3.3.11 Road Safety.............................................................................................................3-8 4 Data Analysis .........................................................................................................................4-1 4.1 Cordon and By-pass Flows..............................................................................................4-1 4.1.1 Study Area Cordon..................................................................................................4-1 4.1.2 CBD Cordon ...........................................................................................................4-3 4.1.3 By-pass Roads.........................................................................................................4-7 4.2 Junction and Link Flows .................................................................................................4-8 4.3 Private Vehicles ............................................................................................................ 4-10 4.3.1 Origin Destination Analysis................................................................................... 4-10 4.3.2 Trip Purposes of Private Vehicles .......................................................................... 4-14 4.4 Goods Vehicles ............................................................................................................. 4-17 4.4.1 Origin-Destination Analysis .................................................................................. 4-17 4.5 Public Transport............................................................................................................ 4-19 4.5.1 Bus Service ........................................................................................................... 4-19 4.5.2 School Van Services.............................................................................................. 4-22 4.5.3 Railway Services ................................................................................................... 4-22 4.6 Pedestrians.................................................................................................................... 4-23 4.7 School Transport........................................................................................................... 4-24 4.7.1 Modes of Transport ............................................................................................... 4-25 4.7.2 School Vans .......................................................................................................... 4-25 4.7.3 Contribution of Rail in School Transport ............................................................... 4-26 4.8 Parking ......................................................................................................................... 4-26 4.8.1 Off-Street Parking ................................................................................................. 4-27 4.9 Road Characteristics...................................................................................................... 4-28 4.9.1 Travel Time Analysis ............................................................................................ 4-28 4.9.2 Intersection Controls ............................................................................................. 4-29 4.9.3 Roads Closed for Traffic........................................................................................ 4-30 ii | P a g e Kandy City Transport Study University of Moratuwa in association with University of Peradeniya 4.10 Traffic Generators......................................................................................................... 4-30 4.11 Road Safety................................................................................................................... 4-31 4.11.1 Vehicle Involved in Accidents ............................................................................... 4-31 4.11.2 Pedestrian Involved Accidents............................................................................... 4-32 4.11.3 Accidents not involving pedestrians....................................................................... 4-32 4.11.4 Location of Accidents............................................................................................ 4-32 5 Issues & Conclusions..............................................................................................................5-1 5.1 Demand and Supply of Road Space.................................................................................5-1 5.2 Conflicting Land Use ......................................................................................................5-2 5.3 Inefficient Bus Operations...............................................................................................5-5 5.3.1 Integration of Terminals ..........................................................................................5-6 5.3.2 One-way System .....................................................................................................5-6