ENGINEERING MANUAL - APPLICATION INFORMATION -- TABLE OF CONTENTS -- I. INTRODUCTION TO INFRARED ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1 A. What Is Infrared? .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1 B. How Do We Heat With Infrared? .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................4 C. Infrared Heat For Body Comfort ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................7 D. Advantages Of Heating With Gas-Fired Infrared ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................8 E. Types Of Gas-Fired Infrared Heaters .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................9 II. FEATURES, FUNCTIONS, AND BENEFITS OF GAS-FIRED INFRARED HEATING ......................................................................12 III. FUNDAMENTAL DETAILS FOR GAS-FIRED INFRARED HEATING .....................................................................................................................................15 IV. HEAT LOSS CALCULATIONS................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................17 A. Basic Criteria For Infrared Heater Applications .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................17 B. Overview Of Natural Infiltration Load ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................18 C. Infrared Heat Loss Compensation Factor ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................20 D. Radiant Vs. Convection Heating ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................21 E. Heat Loss Due To Cold Mass ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................21 F. R” And “U” Values .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................22 G. Outside Design Temperatures .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................22 H. Table Of “U” Factors — Industrial Heating ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................23 I. Heat Loss Estimating Sheet .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................24 J. Information For Sample Heat Loss Estimation ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................25 K. Heat Loss Estimating Sheet — Sample ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................26 ® L. Sample Compuheat Analysis ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................27 M. Sample Layouts ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................31 V. VENTILATION FOR INDIRECT VENTED INFRARED HEATERS .....................................................................................................................................................47 A. Gravity Ventilation For Indirect Vented Heaters ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................47 B. Mechanical Ventilation For Indirect Vented Heaters ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................48 C. Increased Building Heat Loss Due To Unvented Use Of Infrared Heaters...........................................................................................................................................48 D. General Precautions For Ventilation Of Indirect Vented Heaters ................................................................................................................................................................................49 E. Condensation...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................51 VI. GAS PIPING ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................52 VII. THERMAL VS. RADIANT EFFICIENCIES ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................53 A. Gas-Fired Infrared Tube Heaters — Thermal and Radiant Efficiencies .......................................................................................................................................................53