Majestic Yosemite Hotel Virtual Tour Application and Indoor Model by Trevor James Denson A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the USC Graduate School University of Southern California In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science (Geographic Information Science and Technology) December 2017 Copyright © 2017 by Trevor Denson To my friends and family. Table of Contents List of Figures ............................................................................................................................... vii List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. ix Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... x List of Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................... xi Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ xiii Chapter 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Majestic Yosemite Hotel Background ................................................................................3 1.2. Project Scope ......................................................................................................................5 1.3. Motivation and General Objective ......................................................................................9 1.4. Thesis Organization ..........................................................................................................12 Chapter 2 Related Work ................................................................................................................ 13 2.1. Types of Positioning Systems and Technologies ..............................................................13 2.1.1. Global Positioning System .......................................................................................14 2.1.2. Wide-area Cellular Networks ..................................................................................17 2.1.3. In-building Positioning Networks ............................................................................17 2.2. Existing Tour Applications ...............................................................................................25 2.2.1. Virtual Tour Web Applications ...............................................................................26 2.2.2. Mobile Tour Applications ........................................................................................30 2.3. Indoor Modeling Techniques ............................................................................................33 Chapter 3 Methods ........................................................................................................................ 36 3.1. Choosing an Appropriate Indoor Positioning System Technology ..................................36 3.1.1. Cost Analysis ...........................................................................................................37 3.1.2. Time for Implementation .........................................................................................37 iv 3.1.3. Long-Term Maintenance .........................................................................................38 3.2. Testing the Indoor Positioning System Methodology ......................................................40 3.2.1. Anyplace ..................................................................................................................43 3.2.2. IndoorAtlas and BlueCats Beacon Services ............................................................46 3.3. Developing with Unity ......................................................................................................59 3.3.1. Introduction to Unity Development .........................................................................60 3.3.2. Unity and Vuforia Object Recognition Service .......................................................62 3.3.3. Object Recognition Scripts ......................................................................................63 3.3.4. Testing Unity and Vuforia .......................................................................................64 3.3.5. Unity and Bluetooth .................................................................................................66 3.3.6. Educational Content .................................................................................................67 3.3.7. Designing the User Interface ...................................................................................68 Chapter 4 Model Development ..................................................................................................... 69 4.1. Scanning the Hotel’s South Wing .....................................................................................70 4.2. Scanning the Hotel’s Furniture .........................................................................................72 4.3. Building the Physical Model .............................................................................................73 Chapter 5 Results .......................................................................................................................... 75 5.1. Alternative Application Methodologies and Results ........................................................75 5.1.1. Anyplace ..................................................................................................................75 5.1.2. IndoorAtlas ..............................................................................................................76 5.1.3. BlueCats ...................................................................................................................76 5.1.4. Vuforia .....................................................................................................................77 5.2. The MVTA and Associated Project Requirements ...........................................................78 5.2.1. Testing and Debugging ............................................................................................84 5.3. The Physical Model ..........................................................................................................85 v Chapter 6 Conclusions .................................................................................................................. 87 6.1. Future Work ......................................................................................................................88 6.2. Technology Transfer .........................................................................................................89 References ..................................................................................................................................... 90 Appendix A User Guide ................................................................................................................ 96 Appendix B Draft Flowcharts ....................................................................................................... 97 Appendix C Audio Chapter List ................................................................................................... 99 Appendix D POI Photos ............................................................................................................. 100 vi List of Figures Figure 1 View from Tunnel View in Yosemite National Park along Highway 41 ......................... 1 Figure 2 View from the south side of the majestic Yosemite Hotel ............................................... 4 Figure 3 Location of the Majestic Yosemite Hotel in Yosemite National Park ............................. 6 Figure 4 Scanned Winter Club Room chair processed in the scanning software Skanect ............. 7 Figure 5 Catalogued Great Lounge American Indian Baskets ....................................................... 8 Figure 6 Majestic Yosemite Hotel Ground Floor used as the map in the MVTA .......................... 9 Figure 7 BlueCats BC313 beacon and coin beacon used in project ............................................. 19 Figure 8 IndoorAtlas Mobile application showing current location of user inside the hotel ....... 24 Figure 9 Virtual Tour of the National Museum of the American Indian ...................................... 27 Figure 10 Integrated interface of National Central University tour guide system ........................ 29 Figure 11 Quality report from IndoorAtlas guide ......................................................................... 39 Figure 12 3D Floorplanner model of the Majestic Yosemite Hotel and immediate outside grounds .................................................................................................................................. 41 Figure 13 Update to back side of the bar area in 2017 ................................................................. 42 Figure 14 Anyplace Architect screenshot adding a building to Google Maps ............................. 44 Figure 15 Example of creating a location on the IndoorAtlas web API ...................................... 47 Figure 16 Zoomed in location of mapped paths (dark blue lines) and testing paths (light blue) in IndoorAtlas MapCreator .......................................................................................................