COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES Equitable Testing and Evaluation of Marine Energy Extraction Devices in terms of Performance, Cost and Environmental Impact Grant agreement number: 213380 Deliverable D2.3 Application of Numerical Models Grant Agreement number: 213380 Project acronym: EQUIMAR Project title: Equitable Testing and Evaluation of Marine Energy Extraction Devices in terms of Performance, Cost and Environmental Impact Deliverable D2.3 Application of Numerical Models Vengatesan Venugopal and Thomas Davey University of Edinburgh, UK Françoise Girard Actimar, France Helen Smith and George Smith University of Exeter, UK Luigi Cavaleri and Luciana Bertotti CNR-ISMAR, Italy John Lawrence EMEC, UK June 2010 Summary This report discusses key aspects of the application of numerical models to marine energy resource assessment. Wave and tidal modelling methodologies are described along with examples of specific models. The modelled processes, model inputs and interpretation of the output data are described and discussed. The role of model validation and calibration is also described. Workpackage 2 EquiMar D2.3 CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................... 1—1 1.1 ROLE OF NUMERICAL MODELS IN RESOURCE ASSESSMENT .......................................................................................... 1—1 1.1.1 Scope of this Report ................................................................................................................................................ 1—1 1.1.2 Numerical Models for Resource Assessment .......................................................................................................... 1—1 1.2 RESOURCE ASSESSMENT ................................................................................................................................................ 1—1 1.2.1 Resource Characterisation ..................................................................................................................................... 1—1 1.2.2 Site Assessment ....................................................................................................................................................... 1—1 2 WAVE RESOURCE MODELLING ................................................................................................................................. 2—2 2.1 GENERAL ....................................................................................................................................................................... 2—2 2.2 WAVE MODELLING OVERVIEW ....................................................................................................................................... 2—3 2.3 WAVE MODELS .............................................................................................................................................................. 2—4 2.3.1 Model Summary...................................................................................................................................................... 2—4 2.3.2 Modelled Processes ................................................................................................................................................ 2—5 2.3.2.1 Energy Dissipation ................................................................................................................................................................ 2—6 2.3.2.2 Reflection and Diffraction ..................................................................................................................................................... 2—6 2.3.2.3 Nonlinearity .......................................................................................................................................................................... 2—6 2.3.3 Model Setup ............................................................................................................................................................ 2—7 2.3.3.1 Computational Boundary Limits ........................................................................................................................................... 2—7 2.3.3.2 Input grids ............................................................................................................................................................................. 2—8 2.3.3.3 Influence of wind .................................................................................................................................................................. 2—9 2.3.3.4 Bathymetry Requirements ..................................................................................................................................................... 2—9 2.3.3.5 Sea Floor Composition ........................................................................................................................................................ 2—11 2.3.3.6 Influence of Water Level,Tides and Currents...................................................................................................................... 2—11 2.3.4 Model Input .......................................................................................................................................................... 2—12 2.3.4.1 Input Parameters ................................................................................................................................................................. 2—12 2.3.4.2 Input Data Sources .............................................................................................................................................................. 2—12 2.3.4.3 Spectral Description ............................................................................................................................................................ 2—12 2.3.4.4 Directional Description ....................................................................................................................................................... 2—13 2.3.5 Model Output and Interpretation ......................................................................................................................... 2—13 2.3.5.1 Output Parameters ............................................................................................................................................................... 2—13 2.3.5.2 Data Archiving and Presentation ......................................................................................................................................... 2—13 2.3.5.3 Quantification of Error and Uncertainty .............................................................................................................................. 2—13 3 TIDAL RESOURCE MODELLING ............................................................................................................................... 3—14 3.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................ 3—14 3.2 TIDAL MODELLING OVERVIEW .................................................................................................................................... 3—14 3.2.1 Governing equations ............................................................................................................................................ 3—14 3.2.2 Numerical resolution and Computational Grids .................................................................................................. 3—15 3.3 TIDAL MODELS ............................................................................................................................................................ 3—16 3.3.1 Mars 2D ............................................................................................................................................................... 3—16 3.3.1.1 Computational Grid ............................................................................................................................................................. 3—16 3.3.1.2 Modelled Processes ............................................................................................................................................................. 3—16 3.3.1.3 Input Data............................................................................................................................................................................ 3—17 3.3.2 TELEMAC-2D ...................................................................................................................................................... 3—17 3.3.2.1 Computational Grid ............................................................................................................................................................. 3—17 3.3.2.2 Modelled Processes ............................................................................................................................................................. 3—18 3.3.2.3 Input Data............................................................................................................................................................................ 3—19 3.3.3 Comparison Summary .......................................................................................................................................... 3—19 4 CALIBRATION AND