品川古旦咽且中，陶託究恥一本件出川コヨnHa1士心外山 HYJ00uyJ Ffo mA1LO LO M ハAUro、‘.， U Morphological Morphological and Cytological Observations on Lindsaea Lindsaea trichomanoides (Lindsaeaceae) ， a Fern Species from New Zealand Su-Juan Su-Juan LIN a， Atsushi EBIHARA b and Kunio IWATSUKI c aDepartment aDepartment of Biological Science ， Faculty of Life and Environmental Science 司 Shimane University ， 1060 ，Nishikawatsu-cho 、Matsue ‘Shimane ， 690-8504 JAPAN; E-mail;[email protected] E-mail;[email protected] bDepartment bDepartment of System Sciences (Biology) ， Graduate School of Arts and Sciences ， the University of Tokyo ， 3-8-1 ，Komaba ，Meguro-ku ，Tokyo ， 153-8902 JAPAN; CThe CThe Museum of Nature and Human Activities ，Hyogo ，6 ，Yayoigaoka ，Sanda ，Hyogo 司 669-1546 JAPAN (Received on September 28 ，2005) Morphological Morphological and cytological observations were carried out on Linds αω trichomanoides trichomanoides (Lindsaeaceae) ，a fem species from New Zealand. The frond buds were used used for mitotic chromosome observation. A chromosome number 2n = 76 is newly recorded recorded in the genus. The basic number x = 38 is a new count for the Lindsaeaceae as well. well. Key words: apical meristem ， chromosome number ，frond bud ，Lindsaea. About 150 species of Lindsaea are distrib- nature of the roots (root tip material cannot uted uted in tropical and warm temperate regions be obtained easily in the field) and difficulty of of the world. It is a large but poorly under- of cultivation. Except for some species in stood stood genus. The taxonomic characters are sec t. Schizoloma ，most of the Lindsaeoid generally generally not distinct and chromosome num- ferns have few sporangia in each sorus and bers bers of Lindsaeoid ferns 紅 e known only for the small chromosome size also causes con- a few species. Moreover ，some of chro- these siderable difficulty in obtaining successful mosome counts 紅 e only approximate ， and in meiotic counts. The cytology of Lindsaea some cases the identification of the material has thus lagged behind research into other sampled sampled is uncertain (Kr amer 1971). Kr amer aspects of its systematic biology. Recently ， (1 971) ，and L りve et al. (1977) enumerated Lin et al. (1 990 ， 1996) and Lin (2000) re- all all of the available cytological data for ported a 32-spored sexual reproductive Lindsaea ，where only about twenty species mode ， several combinations of natural were recorded. The basic chromosome num- hybridization ，and speciation in the polyploid bers bers counted were 34 ，42 ，43 ，44 ，47 ， and ca. series of Lindsaeoid ferns ，and they made 50; 50; as a result ， the ploidy of some polyploid every effort to obtain data to elucidate the plants plants cannot yet be determined in this biodiversity of this genus. In addition ， Lin genus. genus. et al. (1996) have been successful in obtain 司 During During the last thirty years ，little progress ing materials for mitotic observation from has has been made in biosystematic research in spore cultivation. the the Lindsaeaceae. The technical problems of In this study ， Lindsaea trichomanoides the the genus are compounded by the delicate Dryander ， a species with a na 町 ow υ日 104 104 植物研究雑誌第81 巻第2号 平成18 年4 月 distribution distribution in New Zealand and Australia ， Materials and Methods was observed. The authors were successful ， One sample of Lindsaea trichomanoides using using young frond buds for cytological ob- collected from New Zealand (Loopline servations ， in obtaining a new chromosome Road ， ne 訂 Turiwhate ，Westland ， South record of record this species. Island ， A. Ebihara 040117-05) was used for mo 中hological observation and spore count- ing. ing. The voucher specimen is deposited in Fig. Fig. 1. Lindsae αtrichomanoides. A. Frond. B. Pinna. C. Scales. D. Trilet spores. Apri12006 Apri12006 Journa1 of Japanese Botany Vo l. 81 No. 2 105 the the Department of Biological Science ， Results and Discussion Faculty Faculty of Life and Environmental Science ， The sample used in this study was ob- Shimane Shimane University. served morphologically (Fig. 1). The follow- The living sample was kept in a moist ing characters were found to be consistent plastic plastic bag at 20 0 C for two months ， and we which previous descriptions given for the could could harvest several new frond buds ，al- species: rhizome creeping ， with elongate- though though no new roots were produced to die. triangular scales; fronds ca. 25 cm long ，lam- Three Three young frond buds (about 5 mm in ina ca. 10 cm long ，obovate ， pinnae or length) length) were pretreated with 0.002 M 8- pinnules entire or lobed; sori continuous or hydroxyquinoline hydroxyquinoline solution for 5 hours at sometimes interrupted along the outer 20 oC ， fixed with acetic acid-ethanol (1 :3) margin. However ，it was noticed that the solution solution for more than 15 minutes ，macer- indusia are membranaceous ，slightly erose ， ated ated in a mixed solution of 1N HCl -4 5 % but falling short of the margins of pinna or acetic acetic acid (3:1) for 1. 5 minutes at 58 0 C ， and pinnules by a distance of about 1-2 mm; this stained stained with 2 % aceto-orcein. The tissue of observation differs from that of Kr amer the the apical meristematic region (about 1-2 (1 971) Kr amer and Tindale (1 976) ， Betty mm) was squashed for somatic observation. and Isaac (1 986) ， Chinnock (1 974) ， and Photographs Photographs were taken under both light and Jones and Clemesha (1 976) (Fig. 1B). It is phase-contrast phase-contrast microscopes. necessary to observe more specimens from local local populations to elucidate variation in these these characters. B Fig. Fig. 2. A. Sometic chromosomes of Lindsaea trichomanoides ，2n = 76. Bar = 5 11m. B. Explanatory draw- ing ing of photo A. 106 植物研究雑誌第81 巻第2号 平成18 年4月 Thirty-two Thirty-two trilet spores per sporangium 50 indicate that cytological varieties are were were counted (Fig. 1D). Thirty-two s/s occur in the diversity of the genus Lindsaea. (thirty-two (thirty-two spores per sporangium) indicates sexual sexual reproduction in the Lindsaeoid fer 百 S We thank Professors M. Hasebe and M. (Lin (Lin et al. 1990) ， and the presence of normal It o for helping us in the field in New trilet trilet spores suggested that this sample was Zealand. We are thankful to Ms. Emily fertile ，rather than a sterile hybrid. Wood ， Harvard University Herberia ，who Although Although there were few cells in the ap ト read this paper for a linguistic check. cal cal meristem of frond buds ， in which mitotic divisions divisions occurred ， the chromosome number References was confirmed from six cells to be precisely Brownlie G. 1957. Cytotaxonomic studies on New 2n = 76 (Fig. 2). Zealand Pteridaceae. New Phytologist 56: 207- 209. 209. Based Based on the chromosome number of 2n = Chinnock R. J. 1974. Ferns and Fern Allies of New 76 and on spore observations ，this individual Zealand. p. 32. A. H. & A. W. Reed Press. was presumed to be a normal sexual diploid ， Jones D. L. and Clemesha S. C. 1976. Australian Ferns of of which chromosome basic number should and Fern Allies. p. 217. Reed Press. be be x = 38. This number is a new record in the Kr amer K. U. 197 1. Flora Malesiana Series I1 _:__Pterid genus genus Lindsaea ， and even in the wide ophyta. Vo l. 1， part 3: Lindsaea Group. Groningen. 一一一 and Tindale M. D. 1976. The Li ndsaeoid ferns in Lindsaeaceae. Lindsaeaceae. Furthermore ， using the young the the old world VII ，Australia and New Zealand. frond frond buds for mitotic observation may over- Telopia 1(2): 91-128. come the difficulty of cytological research in Lin S.-J. 200 1. Research on Plant Species Diversity in Lindsaeoid Lindsaeoid fems. Asia. ln: Guan K. and Iwatsuki K. (eds.) ， The chromosome numbers of L. International Symposium on Man and Nature trichomanoides trichomanoides were reported (as L. (Kunming). pp. 84-88. 一一一， Kato M. and Iwatsuki K. 1990. Sporogenesis ，re- cuneata) cuneata) to be n = 42 ， 43 (Brown1ie 1957) ， productive productive mode ， and cytotaxonomy of some spe- which which differ from the present results. It is cies of Sphenomeris ，Lindsaea ， and Tapeinidium uncertain uncertain whether the sample of L. (Lindsaeaceae). Ame r. Fern J. 80: 97-109. trichomanoides trichomanoides in this study is the same spe- 一一一， Iwatsuki K. and Kato M. 1996. Cytotaxonomic cies cies that Brownlie (1957) observed or no t. study of fems from China 1， Species of Yunnan. J. Further Further investigations of morphology and Jpn. Bo t. 71: 21 4-ー 222. Love A.， Love D. and Sermolli P. R. E. G. 1977. cytology cytology are needed in order to clarify the Cytotaxonomical atlas of the Pteridophyta. Vaduz ， status status of the species. In any event ， the range J. Crame r. in in chromosome base numbers from 34 to c. 林蘇娼a ，海老原 淳b ，岩槻邦男C' ニュージー ランド産シダ植物 Lindsaea trichomanoides (ホン グウシダ科)の形態学的・細胞学的研究 ことが分かった.この数はホングウシダ属では初 ニュージーランド産のホングウシダ科 Li ndsaea めての報告であり，基本数 x = 38 も，ホングウシ trichomanoides の形態学的・細胞学的観察を行っ ダ科の新記録であった. た.栽培が困難でよい根端材料を入手することが (a 島根大学生物資源科学部生物科学科， 難しいため，葉芽を用いて体細胞分裂の染色体を b東京大学大学院総合文化研究科， 観察した.その結果，染色体数は 2n=76 である C 兵庫県立人と自然の博物館).