Road Safety Analysis For Ipoh - Lumut Highway Using Geographical Information System by Raihana Bt Rosli Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of The requirementsfor the Bachelor of Engineering (lions) (Civil Engineering) JUNE 2010 Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Bandar Seri Iskandar 31750 Tronoh Perak Darul Ridzuan CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL Road Safety Analysis for Ipoh - Lumut Highway Using Geographical Information System by Raihana Bt Rosli A project dissertation submitted to the Civil Engineering Programme Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (Hons) (CIVIL ENGINEERING) UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS TRONOH, PERAK June 2010 i CERTIFICATION OF ORIGINALITY This is to certify that I am responsible for the work submitted in this project, that the original work is my own except as specified in the references and acknowledgements, and that the original work contained herein have not been undertaken or done by unspecified sources or persons. RAIHANA BT ROSLI ii ABSTRACT The number of accident in sixteen (16) Perak districts is increasing every year. Looking into the Ipoh - Lumut Highway, there are some places which are prone to accidents. It is important to pin point which places and/or situations are dangerous, and why they are dangerous. The objective of the study is to determine the locations prone to accident, identify the causesof accident and to propose a suitable countermeasurefor the problem. Road Safety Audit (RSA) is a relatively new road engineering technique aimed at identifying potential safety problems during planning and design of projects. Applied to existing roads, RSA can identify potential safety hazards before they become accident prone locations. In road safety analysis apart from producing the most accurate prediction from statistical figures, the need to visualize information geographically using GIS is essential. Traffic engineers, planners and decision makers need as much information as possible in diagnosing the cause of traffic accidents before deciding the appropriate countermeasure. The scope of study for this report is specifically highlighting the selection of the location that is prone to accident, the causesthat led to the problem and to propose suitable countermeasure. The project covers for Perak Tengah and Manjung District which focuses at six prone locations. The GIS is used for road safety diagnosis involved site characteristics analysis/field observations, accident analysis, accident data statistics, behavioral observations, surveys of road-users characteristics, and identifying and recognizing relevant variable. The project is to analyse the pattern in accident prone location and to prevent more accident to happen. 111 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, I would like to express my gratitude to Allah S.W. T for making the project running smoothly and successfully during the 2 semesterperiod in University Technology PE'IRONAS to complete the project. Heartiest appreciation to all parties involved in my project for all the guides and helps given. Warm thankfull to my supervisor Ms. Noor Amila Bt Wan Abdullah Zawawi for the guidance during difficult times, for the experiences and supports throughout the completion of the project. Appreciation also given to all institution and person who had involved directly or indirectly in this project and making the experience of completing the project more memorable and beneficial with their assistance and guidance. Thank you also to ASP. Abdul Wahab Bin Abdul Rahman, the Head of Management and Traffic Cops Perak, Traffic Division, Royal Police Malaysia for his commitment to help in giving information for the project. Not to forget to all staffs in Majlis Bandaraya Ipoh, Jabatan Ukur Dan Pemetaan Malaysia, Jabatan Kerja Raya, and Jabatan Keselamatan Jalan Raya who had involved directly or indirectly in making the project a success. Last but not least, I would like to give special thanks to my family members and colleagues for their support and advice throughout this course in order to make the final year project something to be proud of. Thank you again to all of them. IV TABLE OF CONTENTS Certification .................................................................................................. i Abstract ..............................................................................................................................iii Acknowledgement .............................................................................................................iv CHAPTER 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 ...................................................................................... 1.1 Project Background 1 ..................................................................................... 1.2 Problem 3 statement....................................................................................... 1.2 Objectives 3 ................................................................................................... 1.3 Scope Study 4 of ............................................................................................ CHAPTER 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 5 ........................................................................... 2.1 Road Safety Analysis/Diagnosis 5 ................................................................. 2.1.1 Background 5 ........................................................................................ 2.1.2 Traffic Conflicts 10 ............................................................................... 2.1.3 Automatic Enforcement System 11 ...................................................... 2.1.4 Road Safety Audit 14 ............................................................................ 2.1.5 Geographical Information System (GIS) 16 ......................................... CHAPTER 3.0 METHODOLOGY 21 .................................................................................... 3.1 Flow Chart 21 ................................................................................................ 3.2 Gant Chart 25 ................................................................................................. CHAPTER 4.0 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 26 ................................................................. 4.1 Result Discussion 26 and ............................................ ......................... CHAPTER 5.0 CONCLUSION 32 ......................................................................................... CHAPTER 6.0 RECOMMENDATION 33 ............................................................................ REFERENCES .................................................................................................................34 APPENDICES V LIST OF FIGURE Figure 2.1: Steps Involve in Road Safety Analysis ....................................................................5 Figure 2.2: Road Accident Casualties (1973-1995) 6 .................................................................... Figure 2.3: Accident Deaths Trend Projection and .....................................................................6 Figure 2.4: Factors Contributing Traffic Accidents 7 to ................................................................ Figure 2.5: The Statistic Accidents, Injuries, Death for Each State 8 of and ................................ Figure 2.6: Local Boundary for District 9 ..................................................................................... Figure 2.7: Area Study 9 of ................................................................................. Figure 2.8: The Safety Pyramid 10 ........................................................................ Figure 2.9: The Application Automatic Enforcement System 11 of .................................. Figure 2.10: Identified Accident-Prone Areas: Singapore Expressways 19 .......................... Figure 2.11: Accident-Prone Areas: Spatial Distribution of Accidents by Road Surface...... 20 Figure 2.12: Accident-Prone Areas: Spatial Distribution of Accidents by Vehicle Involvement 20 ....................................................................................................... Figure 3.1: Flow Chart for Final Project 2 22 year ........................................................................ Figure 3.2: Gant Chart for Final Year Project 2 25 ....................................................................... Figure 4.1: Number Accident By Year 27 of ................................................................................. for 27 Figure 4.2: Number of Accident Respective District .......................................................... Figure 4.3: Type Vehicle Involved in Accident 28 of ................................................................... Figure 4.4: Type Accident Severity 30 of ...................................................................................... Figure 4.5: Analysis Using GIS Accident Prone Locations 31 at .................................................. LIST OF TABLE Table 2.0: Types Accidents Injuries 8 of and .................................................................... Table 4.0: Number Accident Before After Highway Completed 28 of and .................................. Table 4.1: Type Involved In Accident 29 of vehicle ..................................................................... V1 CHAPTER 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Project Background Our traffic environment is getting more and more complex. The number of cars increases. Wider roads and better technology also means