CHEMISTRY 105 Rogue Community College STUDY GUIDE FOR EXAM #1 (Wednesday, 1/29/14) Chapter 10 Vocabulary: chemical reaction; nuclear reaction; radioactive decay; proton; neutron; electron; positron; alpha particles; beta particles; gamma rays; half-life; carbon dating; Curie (Ci); Becquerel (Bq); rad; rem; medical applications of radioactivity (tracers, cancer treatment, PET scans); CT scan; MRI; nuclear energy; fission; fusion; chain reaction; critical mass x Equations: m = mo(0.5) where x = number of half-lives = (t)/(t1/2) … or divide by 2 a number of times equal to the number of half-lives (for integer numbers of half-lives) x = ln(mo/m)/0.693 where x = number of half-lives = (t)/(t1/2) … or figure out how many times you have to divide by 2 to reach the target amount (for integer numbers of half-lives) 1 Ci = 3.7 x 1010 Bq = 3.7 x 1010 disintegrations/second Skills: use and distinguish between vocabulary terms; write and balance simple nuclear equations; determine the time required for a radioactive sample (with a given half-life and initial mass) to decay to a given mass; determine how much of a radioactive sample (with a given half-life and initial mass) will decay in a given amount of time; describe applications of radioactivity and nuclear reactions in daily life, in medicine, in war and as an energy source Chapter 11 Vocabulary: organic chemistry (historical definition), organic chemistry (modern definition), organic, inorganic, tetrahedral, trigonal planar, linear, trigonal pyramid, bent, hydrocarbon, alkane, alkene, alkyne, cycloalkane, alcohol, ether, amine, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, ester, amide, isomer, complete (expanded) structural formula, condensed structural formula, skeletal structural formula, functional group, polar, nonpolar, soluble, insoluble, combustion reaction, Wohler, urea, ammonium cyanate, vitamin = Equations: C=C (alkene), C C (alkyne), R-OH (alcohol), R-O-R (ether), R-NH2 (amine), R2-NH (amine), R3-N (amine), R(C=O)H (aldehyde), R(C=O)OH (carboxylic acid), R-(C=O)-R (ketone), R(C=O)OR (ester), R(C=O)NH2 (amide), R(C=O)NHR (amide), R(C=O)NR2 (amide) Skills: use and distinguish between vocabulary terms; predict the geometry around a given atom in a Lewis structure; correctly interpret condensed or skeletal structural formulas in terms of molecular formula, geometry and solubility; classify organic molecules based on functional groups; recall that vitamins A, D and E are fat-soluble while vitamins B and C are water-soluble; recall Friedrich Wohler’s role in creating the modern definition of organic chemistry; recognize isomers from their complete, condensed or skeletal structural formulas Chapter 12 Vocabulary: hydrocarbon, alkane, linear alkane, branched alkane, cycloalkane, prefixes for 1- to 10-carbon chains, combustion reaction, isomer, melting point (MP), boiling point (BP), IUPAC naming rules Equations/Rules: meth- = 1 eth- = 2 prop- = 3 but- = 4 pent- = 5 hex- = 6 hept- = 7 oct- = 8 non- = 9 dec- = 10 parent name is based on longest continuous carbon chain number the parent chain to give lowest numbers to attached alkyl groups Skills: use and distinguish between vocabulary terms; write the IUPAC name for an alkane or cycloalkane with a given structural formula; draw the structural formula for an alkane or cycloalkane with a given IUPAC name; predict combustion reaction products for alkanes and cycloalkanes (and balance); draw and name all isomers of a saturated hydrocarbon with a given molecular formula; predict trends in MP and/or BP of alkanes based on molecular weight; recognize when a pair of molecules are isomers of each other, identical to each other or have different molecular formulas entirely Lab Vocabulary: Geiger counter, shielding, functional group, isomer, organic compound, inorganic compound, melting point, boiling point, polarity, water solubility, cyclohexane solubility, combustion, alkane, linear alkane, branched alkane, cycloalkane, haloalkane, alkene, alkyne Skills: use and distinguish between vocabulary terms; recall the effect of time on radiation level; recall the effect of distance on radiation level; recall the materials capable of shielding alpha, beta and gamma radiation sources; draw isomers of a compound with a given functional group or molecular formula; identify functional groups in molecules; make a general comparison of melting point, boiling point, solubility and combustion properties of organic vs. inorganic compounds; make a specific comparison of melting point, boiling point, solubility and combustion properties of sodium chloride, potassium iodide, cyclohexane and toluene; draw structures and isomers of alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes and haloalkanes; draw and interpret Lewis structures, expanded structural formulas, condensed structural formulas and skeletal structural formulas accurately .