DOCUMENT.RESUME ED, 28 753 RC,015 - AUTHOR Popper, Frank J.; And Others TITLE The City Aouse andtheCountryAlouse4 Land-Use Policies afld Rural Poverty in the Northeast. Coal, 'Poverty, and Development Policy in Eastern Kentucky. Development and Management Of Forest Resources for Rural Development in the Pacific Northwest: Natural and Human Resotirces: Major Public Policy =and Minority Rural Land,Ownership, Management jkand Use.- Rural Development, Poverty, and Natural ,Resources Workshop Paper Series Part V. 1 SPOV$ AGENCY Ford Foundation.,0New York, N.Y. PUB DATE 83 Noll; , 120p.; For related documents, see RC 015 315-321. ATLABLK FRO* National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy, Resources for the Future, 1616 P. Street, N. W,. Washington, DC 20036 (free). PUB TYPE' Information Analyses (P70) EDRS'PRICE MF01 /PCO5 Plus 'Postage. DEScRIPTORS Blacks; Case Studies; Coal; *Economic Factors; .Farmers; Farm Mdnagement; Human Resources; Land Use; Mining; *Natural Resources; *Poverty; Poverty Areas; Public Policy; *Rural Areas; *Rural Developmeint; Rufal Economics; Rural Population; Rural Uri:4h Differences-; Zoning .IDENTIFIERS *Economic Trends; Economies 'of Scake; Kentucky (East); *Land Ethos; United States (Northeast); United, States (Northweit) ABSTRACT This workshop collection_ contains four case studies regarding particular relati-onships between specific resources, and clientele or user groups, and three discubsions based on those four ,papers and/or, conference discussions. The first paper discuises urban landAise origins and compare urban policies with rural policies suggesting that future rural d use should notbe based on urban U policies. Focusing on poverty ,a coal mining in Kentucky, the second paper, by Cynthi'a L. Duncan and William A. Duncan, supports community-Ori-ented.development 'policies. The third paper, by Joe B. Stevens, provides an historical ovtrview of the Pacific Northwest's economy; discusses the current status of forest, human, and"community resources with a focus on poverty; and, through operationalizing the concept of "income distribution," suggests that multiple definition are weeded to examine the impact of forest-related policies. Focusing on blacks,. the final case study, by T. T. Williams, Richard Morse, and Avery Webber, is concerned with the impact of government-policies on minority ruralland ownership, management, anduse. After a brief thistory, the paper looks at contemporary black rural land tenure in -thi- South and suggests implementation of policies des-igned'to strengthen the capability of small farmers to increase their total output, thus enhancing economic viability of black farmers. Comments focus briefly on major points from the case studies and suggest areas for further investigation. (PM). The City House and the Country House: Lan&Use Policies and-Rural Poverty in the Northeast Frank J. Popper Poverty, and Develop ment Policy in Eastezn Kentucky ChiaL. Duncan and William A. Duncan a Development and. Management of Forest _Resources for Rural Development in the Pacific Northwest rpe B. Stevens Natural and Human Resources: Major Public Policy and Minority Rural .andOwnership, Ma.nagement, and Use 7'. T. Williams, Richard Morse, an4 Aver/ Webber with co:mingles by Paul Barney Brady J. Deaton, and \Marty Strange "PEhOSSI N TO MATERIAL REPRODUCE HAS TMIS U.S. DEPARTMENTOF EDUCATION BEENGRANTEt BY NATIONA(,I14STITUTF OFEDUCATION EDUCATIONAL RESOURCESINFORMATION CENTER LgRICI Vchrs el-moment has beenreproduced as received iromtheperson or ofganizaDon ongnatung JO THE Mina, changes have been.rnacleto improve EDUCATIONAL reproduction INFORMATION RESOURCES CENTER * Pont, of (ERIC)." view or opinions stated docu- ment da nirt neceSSanly representOft+ChEI) NIE poS«Ipon or por.cV National Center fOr Food an Agricultural Policy RESOURCES FOR THE FUTURE, INC. 1755 MassachusettsAvenue, N:W. -( Washington, D.C. 20036 RuralDevelop_ment, Poverty, and Natural Resources . Workshop Piper Series Part V . The City House and the Country House: Land-Use Policies and Rural Poverty in the Noftheast Frank J. Popper 1 Coal, Poverty, and DevelopmentPolicy in Eastern Kentucky Cynthia LJ)uncan and William A. Duncan 25 Develotttnent and Matiagement of ForestResource& for Rural Development in the'PacificNorthwest Joe B. Stevens 47 Natural and Human Resources.; MajorPublic Policy and Minority Rural Land,Ownership;Management, and Use T. T. Williams, Richard Marie, and AveryWebber with comments by Paul Barkley, Brady J. Deatan, and Marty Strange 85 R. National Center for Food -andAgricultural Policy RESOURCES FOR THE FUTURE, 4. INC. 1755 Massachusetts Avenue,N.W. ° Washington, D..e; 20036 : 3 4 PREFACE In the summer of 1983; with a grant from.the Ford Foundation, Resources for the Future convened a workshop on "ntrakievelopmeni, poverty, and natural resources." Over forty leading researchers and community development leaders participated in the two-and-a-half day workshop. Workshop discussionswere organized around ten commissionedpapers, commentators' remarks, and a. luncheon address. The papers covered broad issues of rural development, resource ownership and use, and the incidence of poverty and its relationship to natural resources including six case studies focusingon specific resources in various geographic settings. The workshop papers and the comments on them are available ina six-part series as follows: An overview paper summarizing the key topics and issues discussed will be available in the spring of 1984. Sociodemographic and Economic Changes in Rural America, by Kenneth L. Deavers.and David L. Brown, Econdilic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture; with' comments by Ronald C. Powers, North Central Regional Center for Rural Development, Iowa State University. Rural Policy: An Independent View, by Edward J. Blakely, Institute of Government -Studies, University of California, Bexley. Part II Income Distribution, Poverty, Natural Resources, and Public Policies: Conceptual and Research Issues, by Emery N. Castle and Mark Goldstein, Resources for the Future,Inc.; with comments by Philip M. Raup,' Depariment of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Minnesota. Part III Real Income, Poverty, and Resources, by Irving Hoch, Julie Hewitt, and Vicky Virgin, 4Resources for the Future, Inc.; with comments by Edna Loehman, Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University. Part IV Ownership Patterns of Natural Resources in Rural America: Implications Distribution of Wealth and Income, by Marion Clawson, Resource's for the' Future, .; with conanents by Robert G. Healy, Conservation Foundation. Part V The City House and the Country House: Land-Use Policies and flaral Poverty in Northeast. by Frank J. Power, Resources for the Future, Inc.' Coal, Poverty, and Development Policy in Eastern Kentucky, by Cynthia L Dungan and William A-. Duncan, Mountain Association for Community Economic Development. Development and Management OF est Resources for Rural Development in the Pacific Northwest, by Joe B. Stevens,_ ssat ent of Agricultural andResource Econoinics, Oregon State University. Natural and Human Resources: Major Public Policy and Minority Rural Land Ownership, Management, and Use, by T. T. Williams, Richard Morse, and Avery Webber, Tiskegee Institute; with comments by Paul Barkley, Department of Agricultural Economics, Washington State University; Brady 1. Deaton, DepartMent of Agricultural Eamomics, Virginia Polytechhic Institite and State University; and Marty Strange, Center for Rural Affairs. Part VI titer and Poverty in the Helen Ingram, Univeisity of Arizona; F. Lee Brown, University of N .Gary Weatherford, Santa Clara University; Gil Bonem, the Center for Natural Resourtze Studies; Steve: Mumme, Color:ado State University; and Wade Martin, Uniersity of New Mexico. Indian Natural Resource Development: The Impact on Poverty: Overview of issues, and Proposals for Research by Susan Williams, Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriven and _ Kampelman; with comments by John Folk-Williams, Western Networkrand Allen V. Kneese, Resources for the Future, Inc. The six-part serie$,:t :iheoverviewpaper are available from: the National Center for Food afit: Policy, Resources for the Future, Inc., 1755 Massachusetts AvedOet Washington, D.C. 20036. r. Kenneth R. Farrell, Director National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy THE CITY HOUSE AND THE COUNTRY HOUSE:. LAND-USE POLICIES AND RURAL POVERTY IN THE NORTHEAST bylFrankJ. Popper For a region with an urban reputation, the Northeast is surprisingly rural. The region--by the Census Bureau's definition, the nine states from Maine through Pennsylvania and New Jersey=4has 7.39 million people in non-. metropolitan areas,1.a larger populati.onithan New York City. Pennsylvania, with fourteen Standard Metropolitan. Statistical Areas containing over'four- fifths of its population, also has 2.15.million nonmetropolitan residents, 2 the biggest rural population of any state in the country. The region is full of large, sparsely settled, environmentally valuable near-wilder- ,. nesses: Maine's Unorganized Territories, Vermont's Northeast Kirigdora, New York's Adirondack Park, New Jersey's Pine Barrens,-Pennsylvania's North Cehtral Highlands, the-Delaware Water Gap bridging New Jersey and Pennsyl- vania. The region is heavily agricultural, especially in its Middle Atlantic areas. Largedartsof New York and Pennsylva?ia have historically had highly productive agricultures, and New Jersey--away frot the twin' gashes of the New sey Turnpike and the Garden State Parkway--deserves