Population of Pakistan: An Analysis of NSER 2010-11 Disable Population Government of Pakistan -BISP- - Dignity, Empowerment, Meaning of Life to the most vulnerable through the most scientific poverty database, targeted products and seamless service delivery nationwide. © Benazir Income Support Programme Material in this publication may be freely quoted or re-printed, but acknowledgement is requested, together with a copy of the publication containing the quotation or reprint Researcher: Mr. Ajmal Jahangeer Disclaimer: The views expressed in this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of Benazir Income Support Programme (BISP) and UNICEF. Disable Population Disable Population 1 Disable Population 2 Disable Population Table of Content Executive Summary……………………………………………………………………………….06 1. Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………….…. 07 1.1 Definition of Disability……………………………………………………………...…… 09 1.2 Objectives of Study……………………………………………………………...……… 10 1.3 Organization of Study……………………………………………...…………………… 10 2. Methods of Analysis………………………………………………………………….………11 2.1 Data source……………………………………………………………………………… 11 2.2 Methodology…………………………………………………………..………………… 11 2.3 Study Limitations…………………………………………………...…………………… 11 3. Prevalence of Disability…………………………………………………………………...…13 3.1 Disability in Pakistan: A Regional Analysis…………………………………………... 13 3.2 Nature of Disability……………………………………………………………………… 14 3.3 District Wise Analysis of Disability…………………………………………………….. 17 4. Disability by Age and Marital Status……………………….……………………………… 21 4.1 Age and Disability……………………………………………………….……………… 21 4.2 Disability by Marital Status…………………………………………..………………… 23 5. Disability by Poverty, Education, Employment, Housing Status…………..…………… 25 5.1 Poverty and Disability……………………………………………………….…..……… 25 5.2 Disability by Educational Attainment………………………………………….……… 27 5.3 Employment Profile of Disability……………………………………….……………… 30 5.4 Disability by Number of Rooms in the House………………...……………………… 31 6. Conclusions and Way Forward…………………………………………………..………… 33 References…………………………………………………………………………………… 99 3 Disable Population List of Tables Table 1: Prevalence of disability by regions and gender (%)………………………….. 13 Table 2: Prevalence of disability by nature, regions and gender (%)………………… 14 Table 3: Distribution of disabled persons by nature of disability, regions and gender (%)………………………………………………………….. 15 Table 4: Prevalence of disability by household poverty status and place of residence (%)…………………………………………………………… 26 Table 5: Distribution of disabled persons age 5+ by educational attainment and gender……………………………………………………………………………… 28 Table 6: Prevalence of disability by number of rooms in the house (%)……………… 31 Table A1: Distribution of disabled persons by nature of disability, gender and place of residence (%)…………………………………………….. 37 Table A2: Distribution of disabled persons by gender, age and place of residence……………………………………………………............................... 38 Table A3: Table: Distribution of disabled persons by household poverty status and place of residence (%)……………………………………………………… 39 Table A4: Distribution of disabled persons by household poverty status and place of residence (%)……………………………………………………… 40 Table A5: Distribution of disabled persons age 5+ by educational attainment and household poverty status (%)……………………………………………… 41 Table A6: Prevalence of disability among 15+ by marital status and gender (%)……. 42 Table A7: Prevalence of disability among 18+ by employment status and gender (%)…………………………………………………………………… 43 Table A8: Distribution of disabled persons by number of rooms in the house and place of residence (%)……………………………………………… 43 Table A9: Prevalence of disability by district and gender in Punjab (%)………………. 44 Table A10: Prevalence of disability by district and gender in Sindh (%)………………… 48 Table A11: Prevalence of disability by district and gender in KP (%)……………………. 51 Table A12: Prevalence of disability by district and gender in Balochistan (%)…………. 54 Table A13: Prevalence of disability by district and gender in Azad Kashmir (%)………. 57 Table A14: Prevalence of disability by district and gender in Gilgit-Baltistan (%)……… 58 Table A15: Prevalence of disability by tribal agency and gender in Federally Administered Tribal Area (FATA) (%)…………………………………………... 59 Table A16: Prevalence of disability by district and household poverty status in Punjab (%)………………………………………………………………………. 60 Table A17: Prevalence of disability by district and household poverty status in Sindh (%)………………………………………………………………………... 69 Table A18: Prevalence of disability by district and household poverty status in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa (%)……………………………………………………... 76 Table A19: Prevalence of disability by district and household poverty status in Balochistan (%)………………………………………………………………… 82 Table A20: Prevalence of disability by district and household poverty status in Azad Kashmir (%)……………………………………………………………… 90 Table A21: Prevalence of disability by district and household poverty status in Gilgit-Baltistan (%)……………………………………………………………... 93 4 Disable Population Table A22: Prevalence of disability by tribal agency and household poverty status in Federally Administered Tribal Area (FATA) (%)…………………….. 95 List of Figures Figure 1: Prevalence of disability in Punjab (%)…………………………………………...17 Figure 2: Prevalence of disability in Sindh (%)…………………………………………… 18 Figure 3: Prevalence of disability in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa (%)………………………….18 Figure 4: Prevalence of disability in Balochistan (%)…………………………………….. 19 Figure 5: Prevalence of disability in Gilgit-Baltistan, Azad Kashmir and FATA (%)….. 19 Figure 6: Prevalence of disability by gender and age (%)……………………………… 21 Figure 7a: Distribution of disabled adults by gender (%)………………………………… 22 Figure 7b: Distribution of disabled children by gender (%)………………………………. 22 Figure 8: Prevalence of disability by household poverty status and place of residence (%)……………………………………………………… 25 Figure 9: Prevalence of disability by educational attainment in Pakistan (%)………… 27 Figure 10: Prevalence of disability by educational attainment and household poverty status (%)……………………………………………… 29 Figure 11: Prevalence of disability among 18+ by employment status (%)……………. 30 Figure 12: Distribution of disabled population by number of rooms in a house (%)…... 31 5 Disable Population 6 Disable Population 1. Introduction Disability is complex, dynamic, and multidimensional. The disabled persons are categorized as suffering from impairments, disabilities and handicaps (United Nations, 1990). Worldwide over a billion people including children (around 15 percent of the world’s population) are estimated to be living with disability. The prevalence of disability among 18 years and older population, based on World Health Surveys conducted between 2002 and 2004, was 16 percent in South-East-Asia region-second to 16.4 percent reported in the European region [WHO/World Bank (2011)]. However, the disability prevalence based on latest population censuses which cover all age groups is 2.5 percent in Pakistan, 2.2 percent in India, 1.9 percent in Nepal, 1.6 percent in Sri Lanka and 1.4 percent in Bangladesh.1 Worldwide, the disability prevalence is on the rise due to ageing populations, higher risk of disability in older people and global increase in chronic health conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer and mental health disorders. The evidence across the world indicates disabled population experiences poorer health outcomes, attains lower education achievements, has less economic participation, and higher rates of poverty as compared to non-disabled [WHO/World Bank (2011)]. The variations in chronic and infectious disease patterns; life expectancy; composition and age structure of population; nutritional status; exposure to environmental, occupational and traffic hazards; and in public health practices partly result in differentials in prevalence of disability [United Nations (1990)]. A person’s environment is also associated with the experience and extent of disability. Health is also affected by environmental factors, such as nutrition, poverty, working conditions, safe water and sanitation, climate, or access to health care. Inequality is a major cause of poor health, and hence of disability [WHO (2008)]. Disability has a bidirectional link to poverty: disability may increase the risk of poverty, and poverty may increase the risk of disability [Sen (2009)]. Poverty may lead to the onset of a health conditions associated with disability including malnutrition, low birth weight, lack of clean water or adequate sanitation, unsafe work and living conditions, and injuries [Lancet (2008); UNICEF (2008); Emerson (2007); Rauh, et al. (2008)]. Poverty may increase the likelihood that a person with an existing health condition becomes disabled, for example, by an inaccessible environment or lack of access to appropriate health and rehabilitation services [Peters, et al. (2008)]. A growing body of empirical evidence from across the world indicates that people with disabilities and their families are more likely to experience economic and social disadvantage than those without disability. The onset of disability may lead to the worsening of social and economic well-being and poverty through a multitude of channels including 1Source: Pakistan Population Census,1998; India Population Census, 2011; Nepal Population Census, 2011; Sri Lanka Population Census, 2011; and Bangladesh Population Census, 2011. 7 Disable Population the adverse impact on education,