SOMALIA: REAL TIME EVALUATION OF THE 2006 EMERGENCY RESPONSE Final report 11/12/2006) François Grünewald (Team Leader) Kate Robins (Health & Nutrition) Nigel Nicholson (EWS/Food Security) Aoyo Adico (Gender and Community participation specialist) Real Time Evaluation: Somalia 2 Real Time Evaluation: Somalia Acknowledgements Staff from OCHA and UNICEF dedicated their energy and time to ensure that the evaluation could proceed smoothly. The team also acknowledges the contribution of all the UN agencies, donors, NGOs and other civil societies for the wealth of information they provided both during the field work and at the briefing and debriefing in Nairobi. 3 Real Time Evaluation: Somalia List of Acronyms and Definition of Local Terms CAHW Community Animal Health Worker CAP Consolidated Appeal Process CARE Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere CERF Central Emergency Relief Fund CSA Central Statistical Authority CTC Community Therapeutic Care DPPA Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Agency DPPB Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Bureau DFID Department for International Development EWS Early Warning System FSAU Food Security Analysis Unit EOS Enhanced Outreach Strategy EWD Early Warning Department EWWG Early Warning Working Group FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation of the UN FEG Food Economy Group FSCB Food Security Coordination Bureau GAM Global Acute Malnutrition HEA Household Economy Approach HRF Humanitarian Response Fund IASC Interagency Standing Committee for Humanitarian Aid ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross IDP Internally Displaced People INGO International Non-Government Organisations JHA Joint Humanitarian Appeal LIU Livelihoods Integration Unit MUAC Mid-Upper Arm Circumference NCA Norwegian Church Aid NFCS Non-food Contingency Stock NFI Non-food Items OCHA Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Assistance OFDA Office for Foreign Disaster Assistance OTP Outpatient Therapeutic Programme PWA Post War Average RTE Real Time Evaluation RTI Respiratory Tract Infection SAM Severe Acute Malnutrition SRCS Somali Red Crescent Society SC-US Save the Children – United Sates SC-UK Save the Children -United Kingdom SFP Supplementary Feeding Programme TFC Therapeutic Feeding Centre TFP Therapeutic Feeding Programme TOR Terms of Reference UNCT United Nations Country Team UNICEF UN Fund for Children UNIFEM UN Development Fund for Women UNFPA UN Fund for Population Activities WFP World Food Programme WHO World Health Organisation Definition of Local Terms Gu long rainy season in Somalia between April-June. Deyr Short, heavy rainy season in Somalia lasting from Oct-Dec Birkads cemented water reservoir where pasture is available but no water which is managed by community. Zakat Religious gift from the rich the poor Ghee local cheese preserved/stored for use during dry season/food shortage by the better off households. 4 Real Time Evaluation: Somalia Table of content Acknowledgements..............................................................................................................................3 List of Acronyms and Definition of Local Terms................................................................................4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY i. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................6 ii. BACKGROUND .........................................................................................................................6 iii. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................................................7 FULL REPORT 1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................9 1.1 Terms of reference ...............................................................................................................9 1.2 Methodology and itinerary...................................................................................................9 1.3 Constraints and limitations.................................................................................................10 2 BACKGROUND .......................................................................................................................11 2.1 Somalia: Between resilience and vulnerability..................................................................11 3 DESCRIPTION OF THE RESPONSE......................................................................................13 3.1 Overall strategy..................................................................................................................13 3.2 Food Aid ............................................................................................................................14 3.3 Water and Environmental Sanitation (WES).....................................................................14 3.4 Livelihoods.........................................................................................................................15 3.5 Education and protection ...................................................................................................16 4 EARLY WARNING..................................................................................................................16 5 RESOURCE MOBILISATION.................................................................................................19 5.1 UN and NGO level.............................................................................................................19 5.2 Somali Diaspora and Islamic community ..........................................................................21 6 COORDINATION.....................................................................................................................21 6.1 The situation: .....................................................................................................................21 6.2 Coordination of the Humanitarian system .........................................................................22 6.3 Coordination with local Authorities...................................................................................25 6.4 Regional Coordination .......................................................................................................25 6.5 Donor coordination ............................................................................................................26 7 QUALITY OF THE RESPONSE..............................................................................................26 7.1 Timeliness ..........................................................................................................................26 7.2 Appropriateness .................................................................................................................28 7.3 Addressing the root causes.................................................................................................32 8 CONCLUSION: THE CHALLENGES OF SOMALIA ...........................................................34 8.1 Working in an context where transaction cost are high.....................................................34 8.2 Working in high insecurity areas .......................................................................................34 8.3 Working in the absence of a government...........................................................................35 9 RECOMMENDATIONS...........................................................................................................36 9.1 Early warning system and disaster preparedness...............................................................36 9.2 Resource mobilisation........................................................................................................36 9.3 Coordination.......................................................................................................................37 9.4 Appropriatness of the response..........................................................................................37 9.5 The way forwards...............................................................................................................38 ANNEXES.........................................................................................................................................39 Itinerary of the mission ..................................................................................................................40 List of persons met.........................................................................................................................45 List of consulted documents ..........................................................................................................47 5 Real Time Evaluation: Somalia EXECUTIVE SUMMARY i. INTRODUCTION The Real Time Evaluation (RTE) of the humanitarian response in the Horn1 offers a mechanism for system-wide lessons learning on the humanitarian response in the context of the 2005-2006 drought with a rapid and concrete feed back on the ongoing operations. A series of key issues are central to the Terms of Reference (TOR) for this evaluation: Æ Status of the preparedness and effectiveness of early warning systems Æ Effectiveness of resource mobilisation activities, including the newly established Central Emergency Relief Fund (CERF) Æ Quality, effectiveness and efficiency of the coordination mechanisms, including the new Cluster approach Æ Appropriateness of the response in term of timeliness, relevance, effectiveness,