Kauri National Park Proposal An Invitation to Comment Public Discussion Paper He mana tō te kauri The mana of the kauri Cover image: Department of Conservation © Copyright May 2011, New Zealand Department of Conservation In the interest of forest conservation, we support paperless electronic publishing. CONTENTS Mihimihi 1 Invitation to Comment—Whakamohiotia koa mai ōu Huatau 2 How you can contribute to the discussion 3 Part 1 Introduction 5 1.1 Overview of the investigation 5 1.2 The national park concept 5 1.3 The Treaty of Waitangi 6 1.4 The scope of this investigation 6 1.5 The Northland Kauri National Park Investigation 1988–1995 7 1.6 What has changed since 1995 8 Part 2 The statutory process 9 Part 3 Te Roroa 10 3.1 Te Roroa’s Kaupapa 10 3.2 Te Roroa Claims Settlement Act 2008 and Te Tarehu 11 3.3 Te Roroa: operations 12 3.4 The Waipoua Forest Trust and the Millennium Kauri Forest 13 3.5 Taharoa Domain 14 3.6 Te Roroa and Kaipara District Council 14 3.7 The Union of Ancient Trees / Hononga Rakau 14 3.8 National park governance 14 Part 4 The area under investigation 16 4.1 How public conservation land is managed 16 4.2 Land included in the investigation 16 4.3 Criteria for inclusion in the investigation 17 4.4 Private and Māori land, and foreshore and seabed excluded 17 Part 5 Description and values of the land under investigation 18 5.1 The physical environment 18 5.2 The Waipoua Forest tract 19 5.3 Trounson Kauri Park Scenic Reserve 24 5.4 Maitahi Wetland Scientific Reserve 26 Part 6 National park criteria 28 6.1 The General Policy for National Parks 28 6.2 National perspectives 29 6.3 The Waipoua Forest tract 29 6.4 The outliers 31 6.5 Boundaries and buffer areas 32 Part 7 Consequences of establishing a national park 33 7.1 Park management 33 7.2 Rivers and river mouths 33 7.3 Te Tarehu 34 7.4 Public access 34 7.5 Hunting 34 7.6 Dogs 34 7.7 Other community and cultural uses 35 7.8 Commercial activities 35 7.9 Social and economic impacts 35 7.10 Primary resources 36 Appendix 1 40 Map of the area under investigation for a national park Appendix 2 41 The statutory process for this national park proposal Appendix 3 43 Key references and bibliography Appendix 4 45 Online geographical information (GIS) resources Mihimihi Horo mai ata i roto, hiko hiko te uira In the early morn, the lightening streaks the heavens Pāpā te whatatiri The thunder rolls Whakahekeheke ana mai i runga o Maunganui rā e Descending upon Maunganui Ka ao, ka ao—tihei mauri ora! It is dawn, it is light—it is life! Ka mihi atu ki te Atua kaha rawa o ngā mea katoa, Greetings to the almighty father of all living things Ranginui te matua, Ranginui the sky father Papatūānuku te whaea, Papatūānuku the earth mother Whakapau kaha ora, ukauka Life giver, sustainer Ka titiro āu ki runga, I look up He toroa whakakoko e a nui atu rā, A soaring albatross Rarunga o Waipoua Hovers over Waipoua Kaore ia rā ko te tohu o te mate. A symbol of sorrow Ka huri ōku whakaaro, ki a rātou, ōku tupuna My thoughts turn, to them, my ancestors Ko Manumanu, nō Ngai Tamatea ka moe Manumanu of Tamatea married Maearoa nō Ngai Tuputupuwhenua Maearoa of Tuputupuwhenua Ko Rangitauwawaro, nō Ngai Tamatea ka moe Rangitauwawaro, of Tamatea married Ko Taurangi nō Ngati Kahu Taurangi of Ngati Kahu Nā raua ka puta mai ko Manumanu tuarua From them came Manumanu II I raro i te taumarumaru a Piwakawaka Protected under Piwakawaka I raro i te hakaruruhau a Puketurehu Sheltered under Puketurehu Aue, aue ka mate ko Manumanu tuarua Alas, alas Manumanu II passed on Na tona takotoranga i te atamira ka puta te korero When laid down in state, the conversation was “Te Hei! Te Roroa o te tangata, rite tonu ki te “Behold! How tall the man that resembles the Kahikatea!” Kahikatea!” Ka puta mai te ingoa—ko Te Roroa te Iwi Our name came forth—Te Roroa the tribe Ko whatu-ora tukutuku ngā iho, ko te hunga ora We the living, are the living seeing eyes of our mātou sleeping ancestors Ka mahara tonu tātou ki a rātou We will remember them Ka mahara tonu tātou ki a rātou We will remember them Kauri National Park Proposal: An Invitation to Comment—Public Discussion Paper 1 Invitation to Comment —Whakamohiotia koa mai ōu Huatau The New Zealand Conservation Authority has asked me to investigate a proposal to establish a new national park based on the kauri forests of Waipoua, on the west coast of Northland. The area under investigation includes the Waipoua Forest and adjoining areas, the Trounson Kauri Park Scenic Reserve and the Maitahi Wetland Scientific Reserve. Some people may question the need for a national park when the land is already protected. A national park would give due recognition of the outstanding flora, fauna and landscapes of this area, with a special focus on the mighty kauri tree. The land in Waipoua proposed for national park status is distinctly different from any of New Zealand’s 14 other national parks. Some people will also be concerned about the benefits and costs of a national park to the local community. Tourism is an established part of the local economy with the giant kauri being key attractions. Experience elsewhere shows that recognition as a national park provides a marketing focus, helping to build and sustain visitor numbers over time. Waipoua is also the ancestral home of Te Roroa. In 2008, Te Roroa settled its historical claims with the Crown under the Treaty of Waitangi. Part 3 of this public discussion paper outlines Te Roroa’s history, views and aspirations for the park. However, it is important to note that the investigation is limited by law to whether a national park should be established and what its boundaries should be. A previous attempt to establish a national park in the kauri forests of Northland foundered because of Treaty claims. At that time, very few settlements—none in Northland—had been reached. Te Roroa’s Treaty settlement therefore offers a fresh opportunity to investigate the establishment of a national park in the north. I would like to acknowledge Te Roroa’s contribution to getting the investigation to this stage. The purpose of this discussion document is to help assess the proposal. Your views are invited and encouraged. The comments we receive will assist in ensuring that the final report on the proposal to be forwarded on to the New Zealand Conservation Authority later this year is as comprehensive as can be provided. Alastair Morrison Director-General of Conservation 2 Kauri National Park Proposal: An Invitation to Comment—Public Discussion Paper How you can contribute to the discussion For further information on this (and the previous) investigation, links to other useful sources, and feedback forms, please refer to the following webpage: www.doc.govt.nz/kaurinationalpark. General information and advice about public consultation processes and how to make your submission count can be found on this page (or search the Department of Conservation website for ‘statutory planning’): http://www.doc.govt.nz/publications/about-doc/role/ policies-and-plans/docs-statutory-planning-processes. Written suggestions on this proposal must be received by noon on Monday 18 July 2011. Send or deliver suggestions to: Kauri National Park Investigation Department of Conservation Northland Conservancy Office 149–151 Bank Street Box 842 WHANGAREI 0140 Suggestions can also be emailed to: [email protected] Kauri National Park Proposal: An Invitation to Comment—Public Discussion Paper 3 4 Kauri National Park Proposal: An Invitation to Comment—Public Discussion Paper Part 1 Introduction 1.1 Overview of the investigation This investigation is part of a formal process under the National Parks Act 1980. Its purpose is to inform the New Zealand Conservation Authority as to whether Waipoua Forest and other areas meet the criteria for establishment of a new national park, what issues that might raise, and whether inclusion in a national park is the most appropriate option for each area. Waipoua is usually associated with giant kauri trees, including the iconic Tāne Mahuta (Lord of the Forest), but it has much more to offer, from its wild and dramatic coastline to the wilderness of the Wairau and the rimu forests of the inland plateau. Although the kauri tree (Agathis australis) is only found in New Zealand, it is really an emblem or figurehead for the vast suite of plants and animals that are found only in the northern part of New Zealand. Waipoua Forest and its adjoining areas contain the largest and most intact remnant of the vast kauri forests that once covered much of the northern North Island. The area is notable for the diversity of its forests and other vegetation, its cultural importance and history, and for the quality of its catchments and freshwater ecosystems. It contains the best ‘mountains-to-sea’ altitudinal sequence of any northern forest and, in fact, would be the first North Island national park to touch the coast. Proposals for a national park at Waipoua are long-standing. Dr Leonard Cockayne discussed the idea in a report to Parliament in 1908, and subsequently promoted the idea in public. Calls for a national park continued and although Waipoua remained a State Forest, it received a high degree of political and official regard.