International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 9, Issue 8, Augsut-2018 754 ISSN 2229-5518 Unmasking Certainties: A Deconstructive Analysis of Mohsin Hamid’s How to Get Filthy Rich in Rising Asia Rubab Laila, Iqra Rasheed Abstract: It has been established many years ago that a literary work can be interpreted in many ways, thus having no certain meaning. The present study aims at deconstructing the dominant theme of individuals’ struggle in the novel “How to Get Filthy Rich in Rising Asia” by Mohsin Hamid. With the application of the Differance, as a tool, the study tries to explore the non- centricity, and free play of signifiers in the novel. Furthermore, the study identifies the binary oppositions in the novel and subverts them by the application of deconstruction theory, given by Derrida. Moreover, the study sought out that the structure of the language of the text of the novel is embedded with discontinues and contradictions and the discourse of the text is unlikely to be unitary and unambiguous. The results are discussed through the qualitative analysis of the novel and by the application of the certain concepts of deconstruction theory. The results suggest that the deconstructive interpretation of the novel “How to Get Filthy Rich in Rising Asia” is rarely definitive; instead it seeks to always problematize the meaning of text and suggest the depths to which the text operates. The significance of this study lies in providing a new perspective regarding man’s struggle to survive in the society. Key Words: Deconstruction, Derrida, Referance, Hamid, Binary Opposition 1. Introduction West (2017). Toni Morrison and Joyce Carol Oates were the 1.1 Literature mentors of Hamid, under whose supervision he developed The word literature is used to describe written and his love for writing and as a result he wrote the first draft of sometimes spoken material. This word is derived from a Moth Smoke for a fiction workshop of Morrison. Latin word “Litteratura” means “writing formed with 1.4 Plot Overview of How to Get Filthy Rich in Rising letters”. Most commonly, it refers to the works of creative Asia imagination including drama, poetry, fiction, non-fiction, Hamid’s both novels Moth Smoke and The Reluctant journalism and in some instances song as well. Literature Fundamentalist were set in Lahore in which he combined the provides a kind of blueprint of human civilization. From political situations with personal state of mind. In How to the writings of ancient civilization like Egypt and China to Get Filthy Rich in Rising Asia, he employs second person Greek poetry and philosophy; from the epics of Homer to narration with no names for characters, any dwelling and the plays of Shakespeare; form Jane Austin and Charlotte country in which the story is set. The story is about a boy Bronte to Maya Angelou,IJSER literature gives insight and rising from poverty to wealth when moves from a village to context to all human societies. It is important for us because metropolitan city. He starts earning his livelihood as a DVD it addresses us, it affects us deeply and it is universal. delivery boy and later finds “the pretty girl” whom he Literature is more than a historical or cultural loves till the end of his life. Meeting and separating many representation of societies; it can also serve us as an times, both share a shaky relationship. The boy goes introduction to the experiences of new world. through different phases of his life for becoming a 1.2 Novel successful businessman such as DVD delivery boy, a Fiction is born out of the society in which it lives and university student, a man selling expired canned food and thrives. It continuously influences the living styles of the finally having a business of bottled water. It is interesting to society. It does not ignore the changes in the society, find that how Hamid has depicted a rural boy as synchronic or diachronic, rather portrays them in a befitting progressive individual who acknowledges the importance manner. For this purpose, a fiction writer portrays an ideal of education in present age and it is also a key to success. world which teaches, delights, and improves upon the 1.5 Research Questions existing set of circumstances. As he constructs a world of • How can the various conflicting interpretations, a fiction, which, though abstract, is beautiful and attractive. text produces, be used to demonstrate the 1.3 About the Author instability of language? Mohsin Hamid is one of those Pakistani writers who are • How do the binary oppositions, which are unstable recognized and appreciated for contemporary literature. He and mutually dependent on one another, has lived both in Lahore and California from his childhood, interweave the selected text? so Hamid has dual identity. He is renowned for writing the 1.6 Significance of the Study novels: Moth Smoke (2000), The Reluctant Fundamentalist The study will supplement the understanding of How to (2007), How to Get Filthy Rich in Rising Asia (2013) and Exit Get Filthy Rich in Rising Asia with an insight of the major IJSER © 2018 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 9, Issue 8, Augsut-2018 755 ISSN 2229-5518 themes of the novel and their interpretation with Saussurist graphemics. According to them, the signifier and the perspective of Deconstructive criticism. It will add up to the signified are always separated and produce new meanings [10]. existing researches, knowledge, and interpretations of the 2.3 Metaphor literary work. Derrida’s concept of metaphor is expressed as “inexistence 2 Literature Review of clear meaning” [20]. The Western concept of meaning is 2.1 Jacques Derrida and Deconstruction obsessed with self and reality which suppresses its From 20th century, language and its meaning phenomenon meaning. For Derrida, metaphor is a way of immobilizing has become sociological and philosophical study subject. and liberating the meaning. For Derrida, the language, which forms the meaning, has 2.4 Trace and Decentralization become problematic so he developed “Deconstruction” According to Derrida, reads the ‘trace’ concept in a general concept for solving this problem. Derrida emphasized that writing problematique which cannot be degraded to the grammè meaning can be constructed independently. Deconstruction and only to audible things; in other words, the record of is a critical thought method, given by Jacques Derrida, symbols, and which therefore resists to any sensual or symbolic which criticizes linguistics and its fixed bases [13]. Derrida definiteness and to the ontic reductionism” [2]. Trace is neither wanted to liberate the meaning of language from the verbal nor visual and it will bring its reader towards the shackles of Western logo-centricism. For structuralist event or a text. Decentralization means that there is no philosophers Urry and Keat, the language is structure of centre or self which results in the hypothesis that there is no regularities, so every natural language lies under the words of fixed and unique reality. those who speak that language as their mother language; the word According to Barbara Johnson, The deconstruction of addresses the actual linguistic action [18]. Derrida criticized it a text does not proceed by random doubt or arbitrary subversion, and claimed that an individual can establish different but by careful teasing out of warring forces of signification meanings in the text and as a result language gets within the text itself [12]. He finds out that a text can be liberation. He was of the opinion that deconstruction is all organized through clashing forces which provide basis for about “the plurality of meaning” [1]. deconstruction. Furthermore, for Jonathon Culler, to Postmodernism plays a vital role in understanding deconstruct a discourse is to show how it undermines the universe, criticizes rationalism in modern era and brings philosophy it asserts or the hierarchical oppositions on which it forth irrationalism. Derrida, Baudrillard, Deleuze, R. relies [5]. Deconstruction exposes several contradictions in a Barthes, Lyotard, Wittgenstein and Foucault are the text as there is always a gap between text’s assumption and philosophers of poststructuralist thought and they are also reader. in favor of postmodernism which questions modernity [11]. Cleanth Brooks, in The Well- Wrought Urn (1947), According to Derrida, it is the duty of postmodernism to has given a new critical reading of W.B. Yeats’ poem, deconstruct the world and itsIJSER understanding can be gained Sailing to Byzantium. He finds out some oppositions and through finding opposite of everything. The concept of tensions in the poem. He suggests that the word “artifice” Deconstruction has suggested a method in which we can subvert weaves many contradictions and also indicates that Yeats is these oppositions only by showing that one of the opposite terms interested in “artifice of eternity” not in eternity only [3]. can only exist within another [16]. For him, the irony of the poem not only transcends the Deconstruction is a response to structuralism natural world but also the human situation as well. The which asserts that language shapes an individual. Balkin “unreal city” in The Waste Land by T.S.Eliot and Byzantium criticizes this approach by asserting that structuralists have are equally unreal; they acquire significance only by being ignored the relation between language and culture. He contrasted with each other [14]. further describes that deconstruction nourishes the Jonathon Culler, in The Pursuit of Signs, describes language with the assumption that it has universal, parallelism in the poem London by William Blake: The cultural, flexible and historical meaning [1]. Deconstruction Church will be an oppressor of the sweep as the Palace is an is a helpful method for revealing the implicit meaning and oppressor of the soldier [6].