Copyright 2019 Oklahoma Department of Career and Technology Education Resource Center for CareerTech Advancement All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America by the Oklahoma Department of Career and Technology Education Stillwater, OK 74074-4364 This publication, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form photographic, electrostatic, mechanical, or any other methods for any use including information storage and retrieval, without written permission from the publisher. Use of commercial products in these instructional materials does not imply endorsement by the Oklahoma Department of Career and Technology Education. Web site addresses were accurate and all content on referenced web sites was appropriate during the development and production of this product. However, web sites sometimes change; the Resource Center takes no responsibility for a site’s content. The inclusion of a website does not constitute an endorsement of that site’s other pages, products, or owners. You are encouraged to verify all web sites prior to use. The Oklahoma Department of Career and Technology Education does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex/gender, age, disability, or veteran status. Permission granted to download and print this publication for non-commercial use in a classroom or training setting. Measuring Volume and Weight As consumers, we often make purchases based on weight every day. You are probably already familiar volume and weight. A driver may buy 5 gallons with measuring cups and measuring spoons. Other of gasoline, a gardener may purchase 58 ounces tools are used to measure volume and weight on of fertilizer, and a shopper may purchase a 2-liter the job. These include BEAKERS, GRADUATED bottle of soda. If a store is selling a 20-ounce bottle CYLINDERS, SCALES, and BALANCES. of soda for one price and a 2-liter bottle for another price, which bottle is the better deal? We also use measurements of volume and weight at home. A recipe may ask for 2 tablespoons of butter. If you have one stick of butter, how much of the stick should you use? A household cleanser may require ½ cup of the cleanser be mixed with 1 gallon of water. If you have only a 2-quart bucket, how much cleanser should you add? Learning how to measure volume and weight can help you answer these questions every day. You use diff erent tools to measure volume and SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES 1. Identify the units used to measure volume. 2. State the abbreviations of units used to measure volume. 3. State the formulas for converting units of volume from the metric system to the English system. 4. Convert units of volume between the metric and English systems. (Assignment Sheet 1) 5. Identify the units used to measure weight. 6. State the abbreviations of units used to measure weight. 7. State the formulas for converting units of weight from the metric system to the English system. 8. Convert units of weight between the metric and English systems. (Assignment Sheet 2) 9. Explain how to convert units of volume and weight between larger and smaller units. 10. Convert units of volume measurement. (Assignment Sheet 3) 11. Convert units of weight measurement. (Assignment Sheet 4) 12. State principles for adding and subtracting units of volume and weight. 13. Calculate measurements of volume using addition and subtraction. (Assignment Sheet 5) 14. Calculate measurements of weight using addition and subtraction. (Assignment Sheet 6) 15. Solve word problems involving volume and weight measurements. (Assignment Sheet 7) Focus Assignment Find three (3) household items that are packaged and measured by volume. Then, fi nd three (3) household items that are packaged and measured by weight. What units of volume and weight are used? objective 1 IDENTIFY THE UNITS USED TO MEASURE VOLUME. words you should know VOLUME measurement of how much space a liquid or dry substance occupies --> NOTE: The U.S. customary system has both dry and liquid units to measure volume. Though these units share the same name, they do not equal the same amount. For example, a dry pint is not the same as a liquid pint, and a dry quart is not the same as a liquid quart. Resource Center for CareerTech Advancement Page 4 Liquid units are often used in cooking to measure both liquid ingredients (such as water or milk) and dry ingredients (such as salt, sugar, fl our, and butter). Dry units are usually used to measure fresh produce (such as a quart of berries or a bushel of apples). General usage does not distinguish between the two by referring to either “dry” or “liquid” measurements. However, you can distinguish between them by the context in which they are used. • ENGLISH UNITS-LIQUID • ENGLISH UNITS-DRY 3 teaspoons = 1 tablespoon 12 units = 1 dozen 16 tablespoons = 1 cup 2 pints = 1 quart 2 cups = 1 pint 8 quarts = 1 peck 2 pints = 1 quart 4 pecks = 1 bushel 4 quarts = 1 gallon 16 fl uid ounces = 1 pint Did You Know? • METRIC UNITS 1,000 milliliters = 1 liter It takes 24 gallons of water to make one pound of plastic, 101 100 centiliters = 1 liter gallons to make one pound of wool or cotton, 1,851 gallons to 10 deciliters = 1 liter refi ne one barrel of crude oil, and 62,600 gallons to produce 10 liters = 1 dekaliter one ton of steel. 100 liters = 1 hectoliter Source: EPA, Offi ce of Water 1,000 liters = 1 kiloliter objective 2 STATE THE ABBREVIATIONS OF UNITS USED TO MEASURE VOLUME. • ENGLISH UNITS tsp. = teaspoon(s) tbsp. = tablespoon(s) Did You Know? c. = cup(s) Hoover Dam was completed in 1935 using 4.36 pt. = pint(s) million cubic yards of concrete. Hoover Dam can qt. = quart(s) store up to 9.2 trillion gallons of the Colorado River in its reservoir, Lake Mead. gal. = gallon(s) fl . oz. = fl uid ounce(s) Source: U.S. Geological Survey doz. = dozen(s) pk. = peck(s) bu. = bushel(s) DDidid YouYou Know?Know? --> NOTE: Some cookbooks abbreviate teaspoon as t and tablespoon as T. • METRIC UNITS mL = milliliter(s) cL = centiliter(s) dL = deciliter(s) L = liter(s) dkL = dekaliter(s) hL = hectoliter(s) kL = kiloliter(s) 1 Each of your eyes weighs just /4 ounce. Resource Center for CareerTech Advancement Page 5 objective 3 STATE THE FORMULAS FOR CONVERTING UNITS OF VOLUME FROM THE METRIC SYSTEM TO THE ENGLISH SYSTEM. ENGLISH TO METRIC-LIQUID ENGLISH TO METRIC-DRY 1 tsp. = 4.93 mL 1 dry pt. = 0.551 L 1 c. = 236.6 mL 1 dry qt. = 1.101 L 1 liquid pt. = 0.473 L 1 fl . oz. = 0.0296 L 1 liquid qt. = 0.946 L 1 gal. = 3.785 L METRIC TO ENGLISH-LIQUID METRIC TO ENGLISH-DRY 1 mL = 0.203 tsp. 1 L = 1.816 dry pt. 1 L = 2.11 liquid pt. 1 L = 0.908 dry qt. 1 L = 33.8 fl . oz. 1 L = 1.057 liquid qt. 1 L = 0.2642 gal. --> NOTE: Liquid units are approximately 14% less than dry units. objective 4 COMPLETE ASSIGNMENT SHEET 1. objective 5 IDENTIFY THE UNITS USED TO MEASURE WEIGHT. words you should know GRAVITY the force that attracts an object toward the center of the earth; the unit of gravity is the Gal (in honor of Galileo) MASS how much material something contains WEIGHT measurement of the eff ect of gravity on an object’s mass --> NOTE: An object’s mass never changes, but its weight can change. For example, an object on the moon would have the same mass as it has on earth, but it would weigh six times less than it would on earth. This is because the eff ect of gravity is less on the moon. Resource Center for CareerTech Advancement Page 6 • ENGLISH UNITS Did You Know? 16 ounces = 1 pound 2,000 pounds = 1 ton In 1174, a scientist from Scotland named Nevil Maskelyne was the fi rst to calculate that the earth weighs 6.6 octillion tons. (An octillion is a 1 followed by 27 zeros.) More than ²/3 of the • METRIC UNITS earth is covered by water, which has a total weight of 1.55 1,000 milligrams = 1 gram quintillion tons. (A quintillion is a 1 followed by 18 zeros.) 100 centigrams = 1 gram 10 decigrams = 1 gram 10 grams = 1 dekagram 100 grams = 1 hectogram 1,000 grams = 1 kilogram objective 6 STATE THE ABBREVIATIONS OF UNITS USED TO MEASURE WEIGHT. • ENGLISH UNITS oz. = ounce(s) lb. = pound(s) tn. = ton(s) Did You Know? • METRIC UNITS mg = milligram(s) Scientists can use a special scale called a microbalance that can weigh small amounts of cg = centigram(s) gases. These scales are so sensitive that they can dg = decigram(s) weigh something as small as a millionth of a gram. g = gram(s) That is less than the weight of one eyelash! dkg = dekagram(s) hg = hectogram(s) kg = kilogram(s) objective 7 STATE THE FORMULAS FOR CONVERTING UNITS OF WEIGHT FROM THE METRIC SYSTEM TO THE ENGLISH SYSTEM. ENGLISH TO METRIC METRIC TO ENGLISH 1 oz. = 28.35 g 1 g = 0.035 oz. 1 lb. = 0.453 kg 1 kg = 2.205 lb. 1 tn. = 907.18 kg 1 kg = 0.0011 tn. objective 8 COMPLETE ASSIGNMENT SHEET 2. Resource Center for CareerTech Advancement Page 7 objective 9 EXPLAIN HOW TO CONVERT UNITS OF VOLUME AND WEIGHT BETWEEN LARGER AND SMALLER UNITS. • FROM LARGER TO SMALLER UNITS RULE Multiply the given number of larger units by the number of smaller units contained in one larger unit. FORMULA (given number of larger units) x (number of smaller units per larger unit) = answer in smaller units EXAMPLE 1 How many cups are in 3 pints? Given number of larger units = 3 pints Number of smaller units per larger unit = 2 cups per 1 pint or 2 c.