The History of Byzantine and Eastern Canon Law to 1500 History of Medieval Canon Law Edited by Wilfried Hartmann and Kenneth Pennington Canonical Collections of the Early Middle Ages (ca. 400–1140): A Bibliographical Guide to the Manuscripts and Literature Papal Letters in the Early Middle Ages The History of Western Canon Law to 1140 The History of Byzantine and Eastern Canon Law to 1500 The History of Medieval Canon Law in the Classical Period, 1140–1234 The History of Medieval Canon Law in the Late Middle Ages, 1234–1500 The History of Courts and Procedure in Medieval Canon Law A Guide to Medieval Canon Law Jurists and Collections, 1140–1500 (http://faculty.cua.edu/pennington/biobibl.htm) The History of Byzantine and Eastern Canon Law to 1500 1 Edited by Wilfried Hartmann and Kenneth Pennington The Catholic University of America Press Washington, D.C. Copyright © 2012 The Catholic University of America Press All rights reserved The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standards for Information Science—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. ∞ Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The history of Byzantine and Eastern canon law to 1500 / edited by Wilfried Hartmann and Kenneth Pennington. p. cm. — (History of medieval canon law) Includes bibliographical references and indexes. ISBN 978-0-8132-1679-9 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Canon law—Eastern churches—History. I. Hartmann, Wilfried, 1942– II. Pennington, Kenneth. III. Title. IV. Series. KBS132 .H+ 262.9´815—dc23 2011036469 Contents 1 Acknowledgments vii Abbreviations ix 1. The Formation of Ecclesiastical Law in the Early Church 1 Susan Wessel 2. Sources of the Greek Canon Law to the Quinisext Council (691/2): Councils and Church Fathers 24 Heinz Ohme 3. Byzantine Canon Law to 1100 115 Spyros Troianos 4. Byzantine Canon Law from the Twelfth to the Fifteenth Centuries 170 Spyros Troianos 5. Sources of Canon Law in the Eastern Churches 215 Hubert Kaufhold Index of Councils and Synods 343 General Index 345 Acknowledgments 1 The editors are particularly pleased to present this volume of the His- tory of Medieval Canon Law because no other book in any language covers the rich history of canon law in Eastern Christianity. As will be- come clear to the reader, from the perspective of the contemporary world canon law in the East presents linguistic difficulties and ironies. The dif- ficulties are the number of non-Western languages that are necessary to explore the field, in addition of course, to the mother language of canon law, Greek. The irony that will strike today’s readers is the fact that many basic texts of Eastern canon law are preserved in languages other than Greek: Arabic, Syriac, Coptic, Armenian and others. We only know a number of texts in their Arabic guise. As will be clear from the notes, this volume owes many debts to previ- ous scholars and their scholarship. It will also be clear that this particular volume reflects the long tradition of Greek and German scholars’ inter- est in Eastern canon law. Today that tradition is still alive and well at the Max-Planck Institut für Europäische Rechtsgeschichte in Frankfurt am Main. The European authors of this volume all benefitted from sojourns in Frankfurt. This volume, like the others, is an international effort and has had inter- national support. The now defunct Werner Reimers Stiftung in Bad Hom- burg, Germany supported this project in the early 1990s. The National Endowment for the Humanities, the Gerda Henkel Stiftung, and the Alex- ander von Humboldt Stiftung gave generous support over the past twenty years. The editors’ universities, Syracuse University, The Catholic Univer- sity of America, and the Universität Tübingen, provided crucial financial and scholarly support as well. The bulk of this volume was originally vii viii Acknowledgments written in German and Greek. The editors are grateful to the translators who helped turn these chapters into English. Steven Rowan (University of Missouri, St. Louis) translated the chapters of Heinz Ohme and Hu- bert Kauf hold. The editors revised Rowan’s translation with the help of Ohme and Kauf hold. Father Panayiotis Papageorgiou (Famagusta, Cy- prus) translated the Troianos chapters. Ruth Macrides (then Edinburgh and now Birmingham), John Erickson (emeritus St. Vladimir’s Orthodox Theological Seminary), and David Wagschal (St. Vladimir’s) reviewed the translation and made suggestions for bibliographical additions. The edi- tors revised and reworked the English translations. They are completely responsible for the final form—and infelicities—of these chapters. They must also thank Martina Hartmann for contributing her expertise to this volume. Some editorial decisions for this volume were difficult. The most basic question was which system of transliteration should be used for proper names for a volume with so many different languages. For the most part we have tried to follow standard English usage in the scholarly literature. However, we have not imposed uniformity, and we have respected the wishes of our authors. Wilfried Hartmann and Kenneth Pennington Munich and Washington, D.C., 2010 Abbreviations 1 Abh. Abhandlungen (Akademie Heidelberg, Göttingen, Munich) ACO Acta conciliorum oecumenicorum 2, ed. E. Schwartz and J. Straub (Straßburg-Berlin 1914–1984), second series ed. R. Riedinger (Berlin 1984–) AHC Annuarium historiae conciliorum AHDO Archive d’histoire du droit oriental, Brussels AKG Arbeiten zur Kirchengeschichte ANRW Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt. Geschichte und Kultur Roms im Spiegel der neueren Forschung, ed.H. Temporini and W. Haase (Berlin–New York 1972–) BISA Bibliographia Iuris Synodalis Antiqui, www.uni-bonn.de/bisa/ BKV Bibliothek der Kirchenväter (Kempten-Munich 1911–; 1st ed. Kempten 1871) BSAC Bulletin de la Société d’Archéologie Copte, Cairo BZ Byzantinische Zeitschrift CC Le canoniste contemporaine CE The Coptic Encyclopedia ClavisG Clavis patrum grecorum, ed. Maurits Geerard (6 vols. 1974–1998) CSCO Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium DDC Dictionnaire du droit canonique DSAM Dictionnaire de spiritualité, ascétique et mystique DThC Dictionnaire de théologie catholique EEBS Ἐπετηρὶς Ἐταιρείας Βυζαντινῶν Σπουδῶν (Athens 1924–) EEC Encyclopedia of the Early Church, ed. A. Di Berardino (Cambridge 1992) ix x Abbreviations EKA Ekklesiastike Aletheia EKEID Επετηρίς του Κέντρου Ερεύνης της Ιστορίας του Ελληνικού Δικαίου της Ακαδημίας Αθηνών (Yearbook of the Research Centre for the History of Greek Law—Annuaire du Centre des Recherches de l’Histoire de Droit Hellénique, Athens 1948–) EOMIA Ecclesiae Occidentalis monumenta iuris antiquissima canonum et concilio- rum interpretationes latine, ed. C. H. Turner (Oxford 1899–1907) FM Fontes Minores 1–8, ed. D. Simon; 9, ed. L. Burgmann (Forschungen zur byzantinischen Rechtsgeschichte 1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 11, 14, 17, 19; Frankfurt 1976–1993) Fonti Codificazione canonice orientale. Fonti GCS Die griechischen christlichen Schriftsteller der ersten drei Jahrhunderte (Leipzig 1897–1941, 1953–) HOr Handbuch der Orientalistik JA Journal Asiatique JAC Jahrbuch für Antike und Christentum JÖB Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzantinistik (formerly Jahrbuch der Öster- reichischen Byzantinischen Gesellschaft) JSSt Journal of Semitic Studies JTS Journal of Theological Studies KLCO Kleines Wörterbuch des Christlichen Orients, ed. H. Kauf hold (Wiesbaden 2007; 2nd ed. of KWCO) KWCO Kleines Wörterbuch des Christlichen Orients, ed. J. Aßfalg with Paul Krüger (Wiesbaden 1975) LACL Lexikon der antiken christlichen Literatur, ed. Siegmar Döpp and Wil- helm Geerlings (Freiburg 1998) LMA Lexikon des Mittelalters Muséon Le Muséon NGWG Nachrichten der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen. philologisch- historische Klasse (Berlin) NPNF (A Select Library of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church, Second Series, Volume 14; New York–Oxford 1905, reprint Grand Rapids, Michigan 1956, 1983 and Peabody, Massachusetts 2004) OCA Orientalia Christiana Analecta, Rome OCP Orientalia Christiana Periodica ODB The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium, ed. A. P. Kazhdan, et al. (3 volumes. New York 1991) OLP Orientalia Lovaniensia OrChr Oriens Christianus OrSyr L’Orient syrien Abbreviations xi ParOr Parole de l’orient PatrOr Patrologia Orientalis, Paris PG J.-P. Migne, Patrologiae cursus completus. Series Graeca POC Proche-Orient chrétien PTS Patristische Texte und Studien (Berlin 1963–) RAC Reallexikon für Antike und Christentum (Stuttgart 1950–) RE Real-Encyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft, ed. A. F. Pauly and G. Wissowa (Stuttgart 1893) REA Revue des Études arméniennes REB Revue des études byzantines RECA Real-Encyklopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaften ROC Revue de l’orient chrétien RSO Revista degli Studi orientali SB Sitzungsberichte (Berlin, Munich, Vienna) SC Sources chrétiennes SOCC Studia Orientalia Christiana. Collectanea, Cairo ST Studi e testi TU Texte und Untersuchungen VV Vizantijskij Vremennik ZDMG Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft ZKG Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte ZNW Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft und die Kunde der älteren Kirche ZRG Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte Kan. Abt. Kanonistische Abteilung Rom. Abt. Romanistische Abteilung ZTK Zeitschrift für Theologie und Kirche ZvglR Zeitschrift für vergleichende Rechtswissenschaft Short Titles Alivisatos, κανόνες = H. S. Alivisatos, Οἱ ἱεροὶ κανόνες καὶ οἱ ἐκκλησιαστικοὶ νόμοι.