Greater Sudbury Source Protection Area Assessment Report Approved on September 2, 2014 Greater Sudbury Source Protection Area Assessment Report The Greater Sudbury Source Protection Area Assessment Report Introduction Limitations of this Report ......................................................................................... 13 Executive Summary ................................................................................................. 14 Sommaire ................................................................................................................ 18 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................. 21 Foreword ................................................................................................................. 22 Preface .................................................................................................................... 24 Part 1 – Report Overview and Methodology Chapter 1 - Overview of the Assessment Report .................................................... 1-5 Chapter 2 - Water Quality Risk Assessment ........................................................... 1-9 Chapter 3 - Water Quantity Risk Assessment ...................................................... 1-23 Part 2 – The Greater Sudbury Source Protection Area Chapter 4 - The Greater Sudbury Source Protection Area: A Tale of Three Rivers 2-5 Chapter 5 - Drinking Water Systems ...................................................................... 2-7 Chapter 6 - Physical Geography ............................................................................. 2-9 Chapter 7 - Human Geography ............................................................................ 2-14 Chapter 8 – Geology ............................................................................................ 2-20 Chapter 9 - Climate and Climatic Trends .............................................................. 2-23 Chapter 10 – Hydrology ........................................................................................ 2-28 Chapter 11 – Hydrogeology .................................................................................. 2-37 Chapter 12 - Surface Water and Groundwater Interactions .................................. 2-42 Chapter 13 - Water Quantity ................................................................................. 2-48 Chapter 14 - Water Quality ................................................................................... 2-58 Chapter 15 - Aquatic Ecology ............................................................................... 2-68 Part 3 – David Street Drinking Water System Chapter 16 - David Street Drinking Water System .................................................. 3-5 Chapter 17 - Ramsey Lake Watershed ................................................................... 3-6 Chapter 18 - Water Budget and Quantity Risk Assessment ................................... 3-7 Chapter 19 - Ramsey Lake Water Quality Risk Assessment ................................ 3-27 Chapter 20 - Data Gaps ....................................................................................... 3-43 Introduction 3 Greater Sudbury Source Protection Area Assessment Report Part 4 – Wanapitei River Drinking Water System Chapter 21 - Wanapitei River Drinking Water System ............................................ 4-5 Chapter 22 - Wanapitei River Intake Watershed Description .................................. 4-6 Chapter 23 - Wanapitei River Watershed Water Budget and Stress Assessment .. 4-7 Chapter 24 - Wanapitei River Water Quality Risk Assessment ............................. 4-11 Chapter 25 - Data Gaps ....................................................................................... 4-20 Part 5 – Vermilion River Drinking Water System Chapter 26 - The Vermilion River Drinking Water System ...................................... 5-5 Chapter 27 - Vermilion River Watershed Description.............................................. 5-6 Chapter 28 - Vermilion River Intake Water Budget and Stress Assessment ........... 5-7 Chapter 29 - Vermilion River Water Quality Risk Assessment .............................. 5-11 Chapter 30 - Data Gaps ....................................................................................... 5-20 Part 6 – Valley Drinking Water System Chapter 31 - The Valley Drinking Water System .................................................... 6-5 Chapter 32 - The Valley Contributing Area ............................................................. 6-7 Chapter 33 - Water Budget and Quantity Assessment ........................................... 6-8 Chapter 34 - Valley Water Quality Risk Assessment ............................................ 6-34 Chapter 35 - Data Gaps ....................................................................................... 6-42 Part 7 – Garson Drinking Water System Chapter 36 – Garson Drinking Water System ........................................................ 7–5 Chapter 37 – Garson Wells Contributing Area ....................................................... 7–6 Chapter 38 – Water Budget and Quantity Assessment .......................................... 7–7 Chapter 39 – Garson Water Quality Risk Assessment ........................................ 7–10 Chapter 40 – Data Availability ............................................................................. 7–17 Part 8 – Falconbridge Drinking Water System Chapter 41 – Falconbridge Drinking Water System ............................................... 8–5 Chapter 42 – Falconbridge Contributing Area ........................................................ 8–6 Chapter 43 – Falconbridge Water Budget and Quantity Assessment .................... 8–7 Chapter 44 – Falconbridge Water Quality Risk Assessment ............................... 8–10 Chapter 45 – Data Availability ............................................................................. 8–16 Introduction 4 Greater Sudbury Source Protection Area Assessment Report Part 9 – Onaping Drinking Water System Chapter 46 – Onaping Drinking Water System ...................................................... 9–5 Chapter 47 – Onaping Wells Contributing Area ..................................................... 9–6 Chapter 48 – Water Budget and Stress Assessment ............................................. 9–7 Chapter 49 – Onaping Water Quality Risk Assessment ....................................... 9–10 Chapter 50 – Data Availability ............................................................................. 9–15 Part 10 – Dowling Drinking Water System Chapter 51 – The Dowling Drinking Water System .............................................. 10–5 Chapter 52 – The Dowling Contributing Area ...................................................... 10–6 Chapter 53 – Water Budget and Quantity Assessment ........................................ 10–7 Chapter 54 – Dowling Water Quality Risk Assessment ..................................... 10–10 Chapter 55 – Data Availability ........................................................................... 10–16 Part 11 – Appendices Appendix 1 – Glossary ........................................................................................ 11–5 Appendix 2 – Technical Reports ........................................................................ 11–14 Appendix 3 – References .................................................................................. 11–15 Appendix 4 – Public Consultation ...................................................................... 11–20 Appendix 5 – Provincial Tables of Circumstances ............................................. 11–71 Appendix 6 – Data Sources ............................................................................... 11–73 Appendix 7 – Local Threats ............................................................................... 11–76 Introduction 5 Greater Sudbury Source Protection Area Assessment Report List of Tables Table 1.1 – Members of the Greater Sudbury Source Protection Committee and First Nation representation ........................................................................................................ 1-6 Table 1.2 – Description of intake protection zones for a Type C (river) intake ........................ 1-9 Table 1.3 – Description of intake protection zones for a Type D (inland lake) intake ............ 1-11 Table 1.4 – Summary of intake protection zone vulnerability scoring ................................... 1-12 Table 1.5 – Description of wellhead protection areas for a Type I system ............................ 1-13 Table 1.6 – Wellhead protection area vulnerability scores using the ISI method .................. 1-15 Table 1.7 – List of prescribed drinking water quality threats under O.Reg. 287/07 s.1.1 ....... 1-17 Table 1.8 – Summary of water budget and stress scenarios used........................................ 1-26 Table 1.9 – Water stress level assignments for surface and groundwater for scenarios A and B 1-28 Table 1.10 - Prescribed drinking water quantity threats under O.Reg. 287/07 s.1.1 ............... 1-29 Table 2.1 – Municipal groundwater wells within the City of Greater Sudbury .......................... 2-7 Table 2.2 – Municipal surface water intakes within the City of Greater Sudbury ..................... 2-7 Table 2.3 – Registered small non-municipal, non-residential systems .................................... 2-8 Table 2.4 – Registered non-municipal,