Semantic Web Social Semantic Web © Copyright 2010 Dieter Fensel and Katharina Siorpaes www.sti-innsbruck.at 1 Where are we? # Title 1 Introduction 2 Semantic Web Architecture 3 Resource Description Framework (RDF) 4 Web of data 5 Generating Semantic Annotations 6 Storage and Querying 7 Web Ontology Language (OWL) 8 Rule Interchange Format (RIF) 9 Reasoning on the Web 10 Ontologies 11 Social Semantic Web 12 Semantic Web Services 13 Tools 14 Applications www.sti-innsbruck.at 2 Agenda 1. Motivation 2. From Web to Web 2.0: Technical solution and illustrations 3. Social Semantic Web : Technical solution and illustrations 4. Summary 5. References www.sti-innsbruck.at 3 3 MOTIVATION www.sti-innsbruck.at 4 4 Motivation www.sti-innsbruck.at 5 5 Motivation (cont‘d) • Information Sharing: • Social Websites and – Image sharing: Flickr Communication: – Video sharing: YouTube – Online encyclopedia: Wikipedia Facebook – Blogs: eblogger LastFM – Open Source Community: Linux Skype • File Management StudiVZ – Tagging: Delicious LinkedIn, Xing • Open Systems: APIs, partly open source allow extensions by users www.sti-innsbruck.at 6 6 Motivation (cont‘d) Internet platform for creation of social networks • More than 400 million active users • 50% of our active users log on to Facebook in any given day • More than 35 million users update their status each day • More than 60 million status updates posted each day • More than 3 billion photos uploaded to the site each month • More than 5 billion pieces of content (web links, news stories, blog posts, notes, photo albums, etc.) shared each week • More than 3.5 million events created each month • More than 3 million active Pages on Facebook • More than 1.5 million local businesses have active Pages on Facebook http://www.facebook.com/press/info.php? statistics, 17.2.2010 www.sti-innsbruck.at 7 7 Wikipedia Motivation (cont‘d) Free Online Encyclopedia • 3,197,507 Articles (english Wikipedia)‏ • 11,693,499 registered contributors • Clever mechanisms combined with human intelligence • High quality articles • Self-organized control • Semi-openess http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Wikipedia:Statistics, 17.2.2010 www.sti-innsbruck.at 8 8 FROM WEB TO WEB 2.0: TECHNICAL SOLUTION AND ILLUSTRATIONS www.sti-innsbruck.at 9 9 Web 1.0 to Web 2.0 • Evolution • Definition • Applications and success stories • Statistics to Web 2.0 www.sti-innsbruck.at 10 10 Web 2.0 “Web 2.0 is a notion for a row of interactive and collaborative systems of the internet“ http://widgets-gadgets.com/2006_10_01_archive.html www.sti-innsbruck.at 11 11 What is the web 2.0? „Definition“ by O‘Reilly Web 1.0 Web 2.0 improvement DoubleClick Google AdSense personalized Ofoto Flickr tagging, community Britannica Online Wikipedia community, free content Webseiten blogging dialogue publishing participation CMS wikis flexibility, freedom directories tagging community taxonomy folksonomy Consumers Prosumers www.sti-innsbruck.at 12 12 What is the Web 2.0? - Examples • Gmail • Google Documents (Collaborative Notepad in the Web) • Wikis • Wikipedia – Worlds biggest encyclopedia, Top 30 web site, 100 langueges • Del.icio.us (Social Tagging for Bookmarks) • Flickr (Photo Sharing and Tagging) • Blogs, RSS, Blogger.com • Programmableweb.com (APIs) www.sti-innsbruck.at 13 13 Blogs • Easy usable user interfaces to update contents • Easy organization of contents • Easy usage of contents • Easy publishing of comments • Social: collaborative (single users but strongly connected)‏ www.sti-innsbruck.at 14 14 Wikis • Wiki invented by Ward Cunningham • Collection of HTML sites: read and edit • Most famous and biggest Wiki: Wikipedia (MediaWiki) – But: Also often used in Intranets (i. e. our group) • Problems solved socially instead of technically • Flexible structure • Background algorithms + human intelligence • No new technologies • social: collaborative (nobody owns contents)‏ www.sti-innsbruck.at 15 15 Wikis: Design Principles • Open Should a page be found to be incomplete or poorly organized, any reader can edit it as they see fit. • Incremental Pages can cite other pages, including pages that have not been written yet. • Organic The structure and text content of the site are open to editing and evolution. • Mundane A small number of (irregular) text conventions will provide access to the most useful page markup. • Universal The mechanisms of editing and organizing are the same as those of writing so that any writer is automatically an editor and organizer. • Overt The formatted (and printed) output will suggest the input required to reproduce it. Source: http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiDesignPrinciples www.sti-innsbruck.at 16 16 Tagging • Idea: Enrich contents by user chosen keywords • Replace folder based structure by a organisation using tags • New: Simple user interfaces for tagging and tag based search • First steps to Semantic Web? • Technically: user interfaces • Social: collaborative (own contents, shared tags) www.sti-innsbruck.at 17 17 Tagging: Flickr.com www.sti-innsbruck.at 18 18 Collaborative Tagging www.sti-innsbruck.at 19 19 Collaborative Tagging: Delicious • Browser plug-ins available from http://del.icio.us • Allows the tagging of bookmarks • Community aspect: – Suggestion of tags that were used by other users – Availability of tag clouds for bookmarks of the whole community – Possibility to browse related bookmarks based on tags www.sti-innsbruck.at 20 20 Folksonomies Data created by tagging, knowledge structures User Tag Resource Tag Resource User Tag Resource Tag Resource User Tag Resource Mary tags www.wikipedia.org with wiki wikipedia encyclopedia Bob tags www.wikipedia.org with wiki web2.0 encyclopedia knowledge www.sti-innsbruck.at 21 21 Folksonomies: Taxonomie Marlow et al. (2006) • Rights for Tagging – Self-tagging: Contents only tagged by owner (Technorati) – Free-for-all tagging: Tagging by all users (Yahoo!) • Support of Tagging – Blind Tagging: Existing Tags are not displayed (Flickr) – Viewable Tagging: Existing Tags are displayed (Del.icio.us) – Suggestive Tagging: Suggestions for Tags (MyWeb 2.0) • Aggregation of Tags – Bag-model: Multiple entries (Del.icio.us) – Set-model: Only single entries (YouTube) www.sti-innsbruck.at 22 22 Tag Clouds Size of Tags: count of usage Browsing replaces Searching Different meaning for different users Orientation in Information Set www.sti-innsbruck.at 23 23 What is the Web 2.0? Trends for Web Applications • Technical Evolution – Web User Interfaces become faster (AJAX) – Desktop shifts to Web (GMail, Google Notebooks, AJAX) • Social Evolution – Collective creates additional value (Wiki, Tagging) – Free contents become popular (Licenses) – Attention is getting monetarized (Text-Ads) – Websites with additional value by recombination (Mash-Ups, RSS) www.sti-innsbruck.at 24 24 Web 2.0 People, Services, Technologies www.sti-innsbruck.at 25 Web 2.0 • Web 2.0 is a vaguely defined phrase referring to various topics such as social networking sites, wikis, communication tools, and folksonomies. • Tim O'Reilly provided a definition of Web 2.0 in 2006: "Web 2.0 is the business revolution in the computer industry caused by the move to the internet as platform, and an attempt to understand the rules for success on that new platform. Chief among those rules is this: Build applications that harness network effects to get better the more people use them." • Tim BL is right that all these ideas are already underlying his original web ideas, however, … www.sti-innsbruck.at 26 Web 2.0 The four major breakthroughs of Web 2.0 are: 1. Blurring the distinction between content consumers and content providers. 2. Moving from media for individuals towards media for communities. 3. Blurring the distinction between service consumers and service providers. 4. Integrating human and machine computing in a new way. www.sti-innsbruck.at 27 Blurring the distinction between content consumers and providers Interactive Web applications through asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX) www.sti-innsbruck.at 28 Blurring the distinction between content consumers and providers Interactive Web applications through asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX) www.sti-innsbruck.at 29 Blurring the distinction between content consumers and providers: Weblogs or Blogs, Wikis www.sti-innsbruck.at 30 Blurring the distinction between content consumers and providers: Flickr, YouTube www.sti-innsbruck.at 31 Blurring the distinction between content consumers and providers Tagging – del.icio.us, shazam.com www.sti-innsbruck.at 32 Blurring the distinction between content consumers and providers RDFA, micro formats www.sti-innsbruck.at 33 Moving from a media for individuals towards a media for communities Folksomonies, FOAF www.sti-innsbruck.at 34 Moving from a media for individuals towards a media for communities Community pages (friend-of-a-friend, flickr, LinkedIn, myspace, …) www.sti-innsbruck.at 35 Moving from a media for individuals towards a media for communities Second Life www.sti-innsbruck.at 36 Moving from a media for individuals towards a media for communities Wikipedia www.sti-innsbruck.at 37 Moving from a media for individuals towards a media for communities Wikipedia www.sti-innsbruck.at 38 Blurring the distinction between service consumers and service providers RSS feeds www.sti-innsbruck.at 39 Blurring the distinction between service consumers and service providers Yahoo pipes allow people to connect internet data sources, process them, and redirect the output. www.sti-innsbruck.at 40 Blurring the distinction between service consumers and