China’s Emergency Management Institutional Reform: Background, Progress and Challenge = Mr. Shaobiao Zhang REDUCE RISKS BUILD RESILIENCE 1/23 ANNUAL CONFERENCE DISASTTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE 2019 China’s Emergency Management Institutional Reform: Background, Progress and Challenge 1 Background : 4 Strategic Paths and 4 Deficiencies Towards the Emergency Management System 2 Progress : 3 Steps and 3 Accomplishments Key Towards the Comprehensive Emergency Management System Points = 3 Challenge : 4 Capabilities to Improve One Plan Three Systems 4 Prospect ：From Safer Shenzhen to Safer Greater Bay Area REDUCE RISKS BUILD RESILIENCE 2/23 ANNUAL CONFERENCE DISASTTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE 2019 Background : 4 Strategic Paths and 4 Deficiencies SARS in 2003: Initiation of 4 Strategic Paths Named One Plan Three Systems (“一案三制”) As a consequence of SARS, the central government tried to solve Emergency Plan the problems exposed by establishing emergency management system via 4 strategic paths named one plan three systems which One Institutional System Plan includes： = + 1. Creating emergency plans Three Operation Systems System 2. Restructuring the institutional structure 3. Clarifying operation system in emergency management process Legal System 4. Drafting emergency management related laws and regulations REDUCE RISKS BUILD RESILIENCE 3/23 ANNUAL CONFERENCE DISASTTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE 2019 Background : 4 Strategic Paths and 4 Deficiencies 2005 Emergency China began to formally start the preparation of the National Overall Emergency Plan Plan and Specific Plans in 2005. 2004 Evolutions Since 2004, the State Council General Office issued series of documents Operation to establish and improve the mechanisms of emergency response and System coordination. = 2005 National Emergency Management Office (NEMO) under the General Office Institutional of the State Council was established in September 2005. System 2007 The National Emergency Response Law (NERL) was issued on November 1st, Legal 2007. System REDUCE RISKS BUILD RESILIENCE 4/23 ANNUAL CONFERENCE DISASTTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE 2019 Background : 4 Strategic Paths and 4 Deficiencies China is a vast country frequently impacted by multiple transboundary hazards that needs comprehensive emergency management system China implemented the principle of classified management which functions 1 are divergent, cross-cutting and uncoordinated. Deficiencies NEMO was a department to collect information and assist 2 coordination, Lacking of a strong= authority to enforce the National Emergency Response Law (NERL). China's emergency rescue teams were scattered and divided into 3 different disaster types, departments and sub-systems. Armed Police Fire Teams and Armed Police Forest Fire Teams were non- 4 professionalization. REDUCE RISKS BUILD RESILIENCE 5/23 ANNUAL CONFERENCE DISASTTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE 2019 Progress : 3 Steps and 3 Accomplishments Step1. March 17th, 2018 the National People’s Congress Approved Institutional Reform Program The Ministry of Emergency Management (MEM) took over disaster management powers and resources previously spread over 13 other ministerial departments . (1) State Administration of Safety Committee Office of Work Safety State Administration of the State Council Coal Mine Safety (2) (3) (10) State Council Earthquake Relief General Office of the State Council China Earthquake Administration ＋ Headquarters Emergency Management Office (4) (5) = (11) State Forest Fire State Forestry Administration ＋ Ministry of Public Security Prevention Headquarters (6) (7) (12) State Flood Control and Drought Ministry of Water Resources ＋ Ministry of Agriculture Relief Headquarters (8) (9) (13) National Commission for Disaster Ministry of Civil Affairs ＋ Ministry of Land and Resources Reduction MEM: Ministry of Emergency Management REDUCE RISKS BUILD RESILIENCE 6/23 ANNUAL CONFERENCE DISASTTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE 2019 Progress : 3 Steps and 3 Accomplishments Step2. April 16th , 2018, the MEM Established ➢ No longer retain the State Administration of Work Safety. ➢ China Earthquake Administration and the State Administration of Coal Mine Safety are in close contact with disaster prevention and relief, they are managed by MEM. = ➢ After the transformation= of the Armed Police Fire Teams and Armed Police Forest Fire Teams , the MEM will manage the teams. It will be used as a comprehensive standing emergency Chinese Vice Premier Minister response force together with emergency rescue teams such as Han Attended the Opening production safety. Ceremony REDUCE RISKS BUILD RESILIENCE 7/23 ANNUAL CONFERENCE DISASTTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE 2019 Progress : 3 Steps and 3 Accomplishments Step 3. July 30th 2018, the State Council Approved MEM’s Responsibilities, Department and Staff Main Responsibilities Department:22 Staff: 546 Prevention ➢ Guide the prevention and control of fires, floods and droughts, and geological disasters. ➢ Responsible for comprehensive supervision and management of safety production. Preparation ➢ Organize the preparation of national emergency=overall plan , promote emergency plan systems and pre-plan drills. ➢ Construct the emergency power , coordinate and dispatch material reserves. Response and Recovery ➢ Establish disaster reporting system and the disasters were issued in a unified manner. ➢ Responsible for the disaster relief system and guide the emergency rescue of safety production and natural disasters, and to undertake the work of the national headquarters for dealing with special major disasters. REDUCE RISKS BUILD RESILIENCE 8/23 ANNUAL CONFERENCE DISASTTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE 2019 Progress : 3 Steps and 3 Accomplishments Accomplishment 1: Establishment of Comprehensive National Fire and Rescue Team ➢ A national fire and rescue team is important for developing a national emergency rescue network based on China's reality, enhancing the country's ability for disaster prevention and relief, = safeguarding public security and protecting people's life and property. President Xi conferred the ➢ Absorbing more than 200,000 firefighters that flag to the new national was once part of China’s military and Ministry of fire and rescue team on November 8th , 2018. Public Security. REDUCE RISKS BUILD RESILIENCE 9/23 ANNUAL CONFERENCE DISASTTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE 2019 Progress : 3 Steps and 3 Accomplishments Accomplishment 2: Establishment of Provincial - Municipal Levels of Emergency Management Bureaus By the end of 2018, 31 provincial-level By the end of March, 2019, all municipal-level emergency management bureaus emergency management bureaus have been established have been established = Guangdong Emergency Management Bureau Shenzhen Emergency Management Bureau established on October 30th,2018 established on January 31th ,2019 REDUCE RISKS BUILD RESILIENCE 10/23 ANNUAL CONFERENCE DISASTTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE 2019 Progress : 3 Steps and 3 Accomplishments Accomplishment 3:Achievment of Ministry from April 16th 2018 to April 16th 2019 Emergency Response ➢ 1.7 million earthquake-resistant homes were built by the authorities in 2018, benefitting about 5.4 million people. ➢ Firefighting forces and engines were mobilized= 12.7 million and 2.19 million times respectively in 2019. ➢ 8 million people were relocated away from disaster-prone areas. Death population decline ➢ Minimize death by hastening rescue and resettlement work during typhoon Rumbia and Mangkhut in 2018. ➢ The number of dead and missing in natural disasters last year fell 60% from the average five years ago. REDUCE RISKS BUILD RESILIENCE 11/23 ANNUAL CONFERENCE DISASTTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE 2019 Challenge : 4 Capabilities to Improve One Plan Three Systems 1. Capability to Improve Emergency Plans ➢ In 2020, all the related departments from nation to county should complete new emergency plans based on new responsibilities. ➢ How to establish a scientific, effective and coordinated plan systems is still a big challenge. 4 Revision= Principles ➢ Based on comprehensive risk identification ,assessment and problem orientation ➢ Clarify responsibilities of all parties ➢ Adhere comprehensive and cooperative response ➢ Involve the whole society (e.g. NGOs, communities and citizens) REDUCE RISKS BUILD RESILIENCE 12/23 ANNUAL CONFERENCE DISASTTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE 2019 Challenge : 4 Capabilities to Improve One Plan Three Systems 2. Capability to Improve Institutional System ➢ 13 new functions have been integrated into the MEM; however, not all personnel have been transferred accordingly. ➢ The original staff need to adapt to= the new responsibilities and requirements, who faced the challenge of learning and training in the new field of disaster’s prevention, preparation, response and recovery. REDUCE RISKS BUILD RESILIENCE 13/23 ANNUAL CONFERENCE DISASTTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE 2019 Challenge : 4 Capabilities to Improve One Plan Three Systems 3. Capability to Improve Operation System Towards the Comprehensive Emergency Management System in All-Hazard and All-Phase Challenge to coordinate prevention, preparation, response and recovery of environmental disaster. All-Phase Recovery MEM is responsible for the overall emergency plan, = Response including public health and social security. Challenge to coordinate for special major disasters. Preparation Challenge to guide other same-level, related departments in preparation, Prevention/ prevention and mitigation. Mitigation All-Hazard Accidental Disaster Natural Disaster Public Health Social Security REDUCE