UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Structural architecture of the Western and Central Transverse Ranges, California, USA Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0zg554kv Author Levy, Yuval Publication Date 2019 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY Structural architecture of the Western and Central Transverse Ranges, California, USA A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Geophysics by Yuval Levy Committee in charge: San Diego State University Professor Thomas Rockwell, Chair Professor Trent Biggs University of California San Diego Professor Neal Driscoll Professor Yuri Fialko Professor Tara Hutchinson 2019 Copyright Yuval Levy, 2019 All rights reserved The Dissertation of Yuval Levy is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Chair University of California San Diego San Diego State University 2019 iii Table of contents SIGNATURE PAGE............................................................................................................................ iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................................ vii LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................................................. ix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ....................................................................................................................... x VITA .............................................................................................................................................. xi ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION .................................................................................................... xii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 1 FIGURE ........................................................................................................................................... 4 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................. 4 CHAPTER 2 STRUCTURAL MODELING OF THE WESTERN TRANSVERSE RANGES: AN IMBRICATED THRUST RAMP ARCHITECTURE ......................................................................... 6 ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................................... 6 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 7 GEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................ 10 TIMING AND STYLE OF DEFORMATION ............................................................................................... 14 CROSS SECTIONS .......................................................................................................................... 16 EVOLUTION OF THE FOLD-AND-THRUST SYSTEM SINCE THE PLIOCENE.................................................. 18 MODEL ASSUMPTIONS .................................................................................................................... 20 ESTIMATE OF DIP FOR THE FAULT AT DEPTH ...................................................................................... 22 FORWARD MODELING ..................................................................................................................... 24 RESULTS ...................................................................................................................................... 26 THREE-DIMENSIONAL FAULT SURFACE .............................................................................................. 30 CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................................... 31 iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..................................................................................................................... 32 FIGURES ....................................................................................................................................... 34 APPENDIX: WELL DATA .................................................................................................................... 44 REFERENCES CITED ....................................................................................................................... 48 CHAPTER 3 TESTING STRUCTURAL MODEL PREDICTIONS AGAINST GEODETIC DATA IN THE WESTERN TRANSVERSE RANGES, SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ...................................... 54 ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................... 54 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 55 METHODS ..................................................................................................................................... 57 RESULTS ...................................................................................................................................... 58 DISCUSSION .................................................................................................................................. 59 CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................................... 61 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..................................................................................................................... 61 FIGURES ....................................................................................................................................... 62 APPENDIX ..................................................................................................................................... 68 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................ 73 CHAPTER 4 GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE SYLMAR BASIN: IMPLICATIONS FOR SLIP DISTRIBUTION ALONG THE SANTA SUSANA FAULT SYSTEM IN THE SAN FERNANDO VALLEY, CALIFORNIA, U.S.A.................................................................................................... 79 ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................... 79 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 80 GEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................ 83 STRATIGRAPHY .............................................................................................................................. 84 STRUCTURE .................................................................................................................................. 86 GEOLOGICAL HISTORY ................................................................................................................... 95 MODELING METHODS ..................................................................................................................... 99 v DISCUSSION ................................................................................................................................ 101 SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................... 104 FIGURES ..................................................................................................................................... 105 APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................... 112 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................. 115 CHAPTER 5 SUMMARY ........................................................................................................... 120 vi List of figures Figure 1.1. A regional fault map of southern California showing the location of the Transverse Ranges and relative motion of the San Andreas plate boundary. .................... 4 Figure 2.1. (A) Regional fault map of California. (B) Main faults in the Western Transverse Ranges and location of geomorphic studies in the region. .............................................. 34 Figure 2.2. Geological map of the Western Transverse Ranges. .................................... 35 Figure 2.3. Stratigraphic column of the Western Transverse Ranges (WTR). .................. 37 Figure 2.4. Geological cross sections. ...........................................................................