INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY International Symposium on Restoration of Environments with Radioactive Residues Arlington, Virginia, USA 29 November - 3 December 1999 CONTRIBUTED PAPERS 0-50 IAEA-SM-359 I he material in this book has been supplied by the authors and has not been edited. The view expressed remain the responsibility of the named authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the government of the designated Member State(s). In particular, the organizations sponsoring this meeting cannot he held responsible for any material reproduced in this book. FOREWORD After the use or application of radioactive materials or the utilization of nuclear energy, some radioactive residues may remain in the environment and give rise to the exposure of persons living or working in that environment. Most commonly, these residues are the result of human activities that have been carried out in the past without proper regard to the internationally accepted radiation protection requirements for practices, or at a time when those requirements were less stringent than today. Of course unforeseen events such as accidents or concentrations of naturally occurring radioactive material can also lead to higher levels of radioactive residues in the environment. The purpose of this Symposium is to foster an information exchange on the restoration of environments with radioactive residues. This includes the principles and criteria for guiding decision making and the methodologies for assessing the radiological situation and developing remediation plans for the human habitats affected. The overall aim is to promote an international consensus on the relevant issues in these areas. CONTENTS Environmental Remediation of the Former Soviet Military Uranium Milling Site at Sillamae, Estonia: Features of Approach (IAEA-SM-359/1) 1 T. Kaasik, A. Siinmaa Planning Environmental Restoration in Areas Contaminated by Mining and Milling Activities in Uzbekistan (IAEA-SM-359/3) 5 R. Mamatqulov, R. Raduk Residues from Nuclear Testing at the Test Site Azgir (IAEA-SM-359/4) 9 A. Kim Plans for Waste Retrieval and Site Restoration at Maishiagala Repository in Lithuania (IAEA-SM-359/8) 14 D. Janenas Development of a Technical Guide for the Identification of Radiological Sources of Potential Exposure and/or Contamination (IAEA-SM-359/11) 18 R. Reyes, A. Scott, G. Falo, J. Collins, F. Szrom, D. Collins Natural Radioactivity in Egyptian and Industrially used Australian Bauxites and its Tailing Red Mud (IAEA-SM-359/12) 23 N. Ibrahiem Status Policy and Criteria for the Remediation of Sites with Radioactive Residues in China (IAEA-SM-359/14) 27 Z. Yamin Public Involvement in the Decision Making Process, Argentine Experience (IAEA-SM-359/15) 32 D. Clein Cogema Experience on Retrieving and Conditioning Solid Radwaste Previously Stored in Pits - The La Hague North-West Pit Case (IAEA-SM-359/21) 36 F. Bodin, D. Alexandre, P. Fournier Environmental Restoration Issues Relevant to Lands that Support Native Populations (IAEA-SM-359/24) 42 S. Simon Chemical and Radiation Environmental Risk Management at the Crossroads - Case Studies (IAEA-SM-359/28) 47 N. Tran, P. Locke, T. Burks Resettlement of Bikini Atoll - U.S. Nuclear Test Site (IAEA-SM-359/29) 53 W. Robison, C. Conrado, M. Stuart, A. Stoker, T. Hamilton Dose Modeling Analysis for Cleanup (IAEA-SM-34) 60 R. Ab-uEid The Prevention of the Need for Environmental Restoration within the Romanian Nuclear Energy Production Sector (IAEA-SM-359/36) 64 V. Andrei, I. Rotaru, F. Glodeanu Cleanup Criteria for the West Valley Demonstration Project (IAEA-SM-359/37) 69 J. Parrott Experience from Free Release of Material and Sites for Unrestricted Use (IAEA-SM-359/38) 73 M. Lindberg, B. Wirendal, L. Andersson The German Chernobyl Project - Lessons Learned (IAEA-SM-359/39) 77 P. Hill, R. Hille Criteria and Approaches for the Remediation of Sites Contaminated with Natural Radionuclides in Germany (IAEA-SM-359/40) 81 W. Goldammer Assessment of Radiological Hazards of Tin Mining and Ore Processing in Jos, Nigeria (IAEA-SM-359/43) 86 /. Ibeanu Establishing Community Trust at Radioactively Contaminated Sites (IAEA-SM-359/44) 92 E. Simpson The Influence of Disposal Capacity on the Course of Site Remediation (IAEA-SM-359/45) 96 J.Eng Transferability of Soil Cleanup Standards in Remedial Actions Associated with Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials: Geochemical Perspectives (IAEA-SM-359/46) 101 E. Landa Use if the Multi-Agency Radiological Laboratory Analytical Protocols Manual (MARLAP) for Site Cleanup Activities (IAEA-SM-359/52) 105 J. Griggs Remedial Measures in Czech Houses with High Radium Content in Building Material (IAEA-SM-359/54) 109 /. Hulka, J. Thomas Spanish Regulatory Perspective for the Decommissioning of an old Civilian Nuclear Research Centre (CIEMAT) (IAEA-SM-359/55) 112 E. Gil, J. Revilla, F. Rodrigo, J. Ortiz Poster Session Papers Mobile Laboratory-based Environmental Radioactivity Analysis Capability of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (IAEA-SM-359/P-1) 119 G. Dempsey, S. Poppell Using Proven, Cost-Effective Chemical Stabilization to Remediate Radioactive and Heavy Metal Contaminated Sites (IAEA-SM-359/P-2) 123 R. Jensen, A. Sogue Mapping of Depleted Uranium with In Situ Spectrometry and Soil Samples (IAEA-SM-359/P-3) 127 P. Shebell, M. Reginatto, M. Monetti, S. Faller, L. Davis Detection of Depleted Uranium in Soil Using Portable Hand-Held Instruments (IAEA-SM-359/P-5) 131 R. Coleman, M. Murray Use of Institutional Controls by Federal Organizations in the U.S. (IAEA-SM-359/P-6) 135 J. Dziuban, J. Kennedy, G. Roles EPA's Aproach to the Commercial Low-activity Mixed Waste Problem (IAEA-SM-359/P-7) 140 C. Foutes, D. Schultheisz, J. Gruhlke Use of the FIDLER Scintillation Probe for the Characterization of Subsurface Radionuclide Contamination (IAEA-SM-359/P-8) 144 M. Murray, R. Coleman Multi-Agency Radiation Survey and Site Investigation Manual (MARSSIM) Overview and Use for Final Status (Verification) Surveys at Several Sites in the United States (IAEA-SM-359/P-9) 148 C. Petullo, M. Doehnert, R. Meek, G. Powers, K. Duvall, C. Gogolak, D. Alberth, J. Coleman, K. Manilla, D, Farrand, L. Fragoso Site Remediation and the Future of Radiation Protection (IAEA-SM-359/P-10) 154 R. Olsen Development of International Criteria for the Cleanup of Contaminated Areas (IAEA-SM-359/P-12) 158 P. Hedemann Jensen, I. Barraclough, R. Meek, G. Gnugnoli, P. Stegnar Water Treatment Strategy for Underground and Surface Waters in order to Reduce the Hydro-network Contamination due to Close Out of a Uranium Mining Area in Romania (IAEA-SM-359/P-13) 164 D. Georgescu, C. Radulescu Approach for Selecting the Best Remediation Option for a Closed Uranium Mine in Slovenia (IAEA-SM-359/P-14) 169 B. Kontiae MARSSIM Guidelines for Non-Impacted Area Identification in Support of Partial Site Release prior to License Termination (IAEA-SM-359/P-15) 173 D. Parish Teenage Experiments Contaminate Surburban Property (IAEA-SM-359/P-16) 176 P. hall, L. Jensen, W. Sass, R. Skowronek, D. Minnaar States' Perspectives on Regulating Remediation of Environments with Radioactive Residues (IAEA-SM-359/P-17) 181 D. McBaugh The Decommissioning of the Barnwell Nuclear Fuel Plant (IAEA-SM-359/P-19) 186 J. McNeil Remediation of a Radioactively Contaminated Sodium Disposal Facility (IAEA-SM-359/P-20) 190 P. Rutherford, J. Barnes, A. Klein Some Singularities of Application of the Principle of Justification for Decision Making about New Practices (IAEA-SM-359/P-21) 195 V. Holubiev, O. Makarovska Application of RESRAD Family of Computer Codes to Sites Contaminated with Radioactive Residues (IAEA-SM-359/P-23) 197 C. Yu, S. Kamboj, J. Cheng, D. LePoire, W. Williams, A. Wallo, H. Peterson Derivation of Residual Radionuclide Inventory Guidelines for Inplace Closure of High-Level Waste Tanks (IAEA-SM-359/P-24) 200 L. Yuan, Y. Yuan DOE's Process and Implementation Guidance for Decommissioning, Deactivation, Decontamination and Remedial Action of Property with Residual Contamination (IAEA-SM-359/P-26) 205 S. Domotor, H. Peterson, Jr., A Wallo Recycling and Disposal of FUSRAP Materials from the Ashland 2 Site at a Licensed Uranium Mill (IAEA-SM-359/P-29) 209 B. Howard, D. Conboy, M. Rehmann, H. Roberts The Possible Ways for Soil Complex Purification from Radionuclides in Conditions of Large-Scale Contamination and Effectiveness of used Methods (IAEA-SM-359/P-30) 214 Y. Bondar, E. Konoplia Future Approach to Remediation of Contaminated Sites in the United Kingdom (IAEA-SM-359/P-33) 219 D. Bennett Remediation of the Low-Level Radioactive Waste Tailing Pond in Kowary (IAEA-SM-359/P-34) 224 Z. Waclawek The Assessment of Site Contamination using Mobile Gamma Ray Spectrometry (IAEA-SM-359/P-37) 229 M. Phillips, A. Meehan, N. Troughton ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION OF THE FORMER SOVIET MILITARY URANIUM MILLING SITE AT SILLAMAE, ESTONIA: FEATURES OF APPROACH T.KASSIK XA9953136 A. SIINMAA Okosil, Ltd. Tallium, Estonia Abstract Quick launch of the nuclear program was a high priority for the Soviet military, as a uranium production plant installation was started at Sillamae, Estonia, in 1946. Estonian local ore - alum shale - containing only 0.03 % of uranium was used for uranium production for nearly five years, after the plant was launched in 1948. Altogether more than 4 million tons of ore, imported mostly from Central and East European countries (Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Eastern Germany) were processed at Sillamae. These activities have left a large tailings