" r >' : : . ^-.uu"* , j *,.. ,'iiu,' ' .- ; * - »*i ,g^L^^A^v . ^H*M swv^ylliiTlTliU ™ jBlflPpl p. - illv i f *~ v* : ^ ~ * i iS , fUki. , w ,WIWW»UwYv A JU AjVk. w-^WW*K*wMAty wjvyv\ "Juffi ,»-"*>-"» , "**-"*' «jfe-*,'*i.<«.' > ' CONGRESS. sks^ ILIBRARY OF 5 ~"k ^.// * &6 UNITED STATES OE AMERICA. { y^Vw^y, v J • • * ^^^^0iMw:mm sum - < i ssssBEi J9« ;,y^*--. of y ^W^i J^A 3um3? . J\s\ , v L/,* ^M W$W*U*Aic^TiK^ " ;WJ^W^vJ*w% ^*W: re^V.Mw wm*mm v-W-cw- ' iVy »' i^jsJ^K^ ^ft$ta>W r|itf^ 1 1 , m u , w&mj SW£M«W Tenth Edition—Revised and corrected, with an Appendix, I ^ ANCIENT EGYPT. .HER MONUMENTS HIEROGLYPHICS, *£ HISTORY AND ARCHEOLOGY, AND OTHER SUBJECTS CONNECTED WITH HIEROGLYPHICAL LITERATURE BY GEORGE R. GLIDDON, LATE U. 8. CONSUL AT CAIRO. NEW-YORK : BALTIMORE: WM. TAYLOR &, CO., WM. TAYLOR <fc CO. No. 2, ASTOR HOUSE. Jarvis Building, North-st. London: PHILADELPHIA : WILEY & PUTNAM. G. B. ZIEBER & CO. SINGLE COPIES M TWENTY-FIVE CENTS I — ANCIENT EGYPT. Tenth Edition—Revised and corrected, with an Appendix. WM. TAYLOR & Co., Publishers. No. 2, ASTOR HOUSE, NEW-YORK ; AND JARVIS BUILDING, BALTIMORE. STEREOTYPE EDITION. January, 1847 PRICE 25 CENTS. At the time of your travels in the East, our " Egyptian Society " had just been founded at Cairo ; and the encouragement afforded by ANCIENT EGYPT. Mr. Randolph and yourself, to our then embryo institution, is there on record. Since that period, our Society has become in Egypt, the central point of researches into all that concerns its most interesting A SERIES OF CHAPTERS ON regions ; but, it was not till 1839, that the larger works of the new Archaeological School were in our library ; or that it was in my HISTORY, power to become one of Champollion's disciples. In fact, it was EARLY EGYPTIAN till brilliant not about 1839, that the results of the recent, and still progressing discoveries were accessible in Egypt ; while, at the ARCHEOLOGY, present day, the knowledge of these results is confined to a compa- ratively limited circle in Europe. A mass of erudite works, put AND OTHER SUBJECTS forth by eminent Savans, chiefly at the expense of enlightened gov- ernments, have teemed of late years from the European press, and CONNECTED WITH the most important of these (Rosellini and others) now embellish your Library. HIEROGLYPHICAL LITERATURE. It is to the effective aid, and fostering counsel of our mutual friend, Richard Randolph, Esq., of Philadelphia, and yourself, that the public in this country are indebted, for whatever of value and novel interest in this BY GEORGE R. GLIDDON, may be found unpretending essay ; and, through these marks of consideration is the Author enabled, to present to the MEMBER CF THE " EGYPTIAN SOCIETY " OF CAIRO—CORRESPONDING American people, some of the more salient points of recent Hiero. MEMBER OF THE " UNITED STATES' NAVAL LYCEUM," BROOKLYN, glyphical discoveries, in a form corresponding to his free-trade principles. NEW YORK CORRESPONDENT OF THE " ACADEMY OF NATURAL Our united object is to popularize information, that may tend to a SCIENCES," PHILADELPHIA CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF better appreciation of these abstruse subjects, than has hitherto been THE " NATIONAL INSTITUTION," WASHINGTON deemed feasible ; as well as to induce abler hands to supply defi- MEMBER OF THE " ORIENTAL SOCIETY," ciencies. These Chapters will, it is believed, serve the Theologian, Ethno- BOSTON, logist, Historian, and general reader, as a Key to the successful la- bors while AND FORMERLY of the Champollionists ; their publication and general diffusion, through the elaborate machinery of the " New World " UNITED STATES CONSUL FOR CAIRO, press, will enable the lecturer to spare his future audiences the oral IN EGYPT. infliction of much preliminary, though indispensable matter, by re- moving the prevalent doubts "if Hieroglyphics be translated." The instruction and kind assistance I have received from the learned ethnographer, Samuel George Morton, Esq., M. D., of " dui si fii quel che si sa; Philadelphia, and from the profound philologist, the Jjhn E si sa quel che si fa.*' Hon Pickering, of Boston, have been severally acknowledged. To Pro- fessor Charles Anthon, of Columbia College, I am under great obligations, for much classical information, and for free access to 9999 r\c\r\n his valuable Library. uonii As the matter, spread over the following pages, was originally 1 I 1 i ?9?S> * i in prepared for delivery in oral Lectures, it has required some labor to change it into its present ; suggestions YEAR 1843 MONTH 3 DAY 15. form and for on this point, as well as for many literary essentials, I owe my best thanks to my friend, E. S. Gould, Esq., of this city. In their pristine shape of Lectures, they were, during December and January last, listened to with much indulgence, by an intel- RICHARD K. HAIGHT, Esq.: lectual and cultivated audience, in Boston, and spoken of with favor by the Press of that city. NEW YORK. • For the advantages accruing from this successful "debut," I shall In dedicating to you, my dear Sir, the first Chapters on Hierology, ever preserve a grateful remembrance toward Joseph W. Ingraham, that have ever issued from an American Press, I acquit myself of a Esq., the well informed Topographer of Palestine ; whose disin. gratifying duty toward a gentleman who, by the deep interest he terested cooperation was of material assistance to me. ta-kes in Egyptian subjects, has been induced to render manifold With renewed protestations of sincere attachment, and indispensable assistance to the Author. I remain, dear Sir, When we parted at Cairo, in the spring of 1836, we little ex- Your obliged and obedient Servant, pected that circumstances would allow me the pleasure of sojourning in your vicinity ; still less did we contemplate, that I should turn my GEORGE R. GLIDDON. almost exclusive attention to Nilotic paleography. Some of the causes are hereinafter explained; with the others you are acquainted. " Globe Hotel," (New York,) March 15, 1843. NOTE TO THE PRESENT EDITION. Baltimore, 15th March, 1S45. .The seven " Chapters," herein contained, originally formed part of a series of thirteen oral Lectures on " Early Egyptian History," &c, delivered by the Author at Boston, from December 184?, to February 1843. They were subsequently presented to the American Public, through the medium of the "New World" press in New York, and have since passed through many editions of several thousand each. objects The of the Author, in the publication of the Pamphlet, being set forth In the dedicatory preface, it seems merely necessary to observe, that he has no pecuniary interest in its past or future circulation. Messrs. W«. Taylor & Co. having become proprietors of the Stereotype Plates by purchase from the "New World," publish the present edition, wherein many typographical corrections have been while " made ; pages 45 and 46 have been recast, in order to embody the matured results of Dr. S. G. Morton's Crania iEgyptrca," published at Philadelphia in March, 1844. G. R. G. ANCIENT EGYPT. asunder the " "* ; and until chivalrous cavalry of the Ghuz had been A SERES OF CHAPTERS ON EARLY EGYPTIAN HISTORY, scattered, like chaff before the wind, by the concentrated volleys of a French hollow square—their hitherto victorious sabres shivering on &C. &.C. &c. contact with the European bayonet. While however, in spite of these manifold obstacles, the travelling enthusiast, or the scientific explorer, collected in the talley of the CHAPTER FIRST. Nile the information, which afforded to the scholar in Europe some crude and uncertain materials wherewith to prosecute his researches; INTRODUCTORY. the occasional transmission to European cabinets of some relics of Egyptian civilization, furnished evidences of the immense progress,, " Amicus Socrates, Amicus Plato, sed magis Arnica Veritas." which, at an ancient, but then undefined, period, had been made in The great Expedition, that, in 1798, left the shores of France for all arts and sciences by the Egyptians. With the aid of such cor- Egypt, seemed, under the guidance of the mighty genius of Napoleon, roborations of the misshapen mass of classical knowledge, expended, destined to create an Oriental Empire, wherein the children of the from the days of Homer, in an attempted explanation of Egyptian Frank and Gaul would have sustained a supremacy over the North- Archaeology, the attention of the most learned of all nations was di. western provinces of Asia and Africa, equal to that which has been rected to the Antiquities of Egypt; and, although in Europe these established in the Eastern Hemisphere, by the Anglo-Saxon race. particular inquiries recommenced probably about three hundred years This enterprise was, however, fated to encounter obstacles, that, in ago ; yet the 18th century was fruitful, beyond all preceding periods, 1800-1, turned the energies of Buonaparte into an European channel. in ponderous tomes, purporting more or less to cast some light on How comprehensive, nay unbounded, were the projects of the the important, but conflicting traditions of that country. Commander-in-chief for Asiatic and African conquest, is now a mat- The Greek, the Hebrew, the Roman, the Armenian, the Indian, ter of History ; although, after the lapse of forty years, it can scarcely and the Coptic authorities were consulted. Passages, in themselves yet be said, that we are acquainted with the limit of his matured irreconcileable, were with more ingenuity than success collated, ana- schemes in regard to Oriental subjugation, nor have we completely lyzed, and mutually adjusted : but rather to the personal satisfaction Bounded the depths of his penetration into Eastern political futurities. of the compiler, than to the correct elucidation of any one given By the hand of inscrutable Providence, the sword of another Euro- idea on Ancient Egypt, transmitted to us by these classical writers.