.7}1 THE UNIVERSITY OF GHICAGO LIBRARY HABEAS, MYSORE, AND THE SOUTH OF INDIA : OB, A PERSONAL NARRATIVE OF A MISSION TO THOSE COUNTRIES FROM MDCCCXX. TO MDCCCXXVIII. BY ELIJAH HOOLE. SECOND EDITION. AVITH ENGRAVINGS ON WOOD BY BAXTER. MISSIONARY PREACHING IN INDIA. See JMIJK -18. LONDON : PUBLISHED AND SOLD BY LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, AND LONGMANS ; 5 SOLD ALSO BY JOHN MASON, 66, PATERNOSTER-ROW. 1844. MADRAS, MYSOEE, AND THE SOUTH OF INDIA: OR, A PERSONAL NARRATIVE A MISSION TO THOSE COUNTRIES: PROM MDCCOXX. TO MDCCCXXVIII. SECOND EDITION: WITH SOME ACCOUNT OF THE JESUIT MISSION IN MADTJRA ; BRIEF HISTORICAL NOTICES OF MADRAS, AND OTHER IMPORTANT PLACES WITHIN THE PRESENT RANGE OF THE WESLEYAN MISSIONS IN INDIA; REMARKS ON TAMUL LITERATURE, AND ON THE RELIGION AND RELIGIOUS STATE OF THE HINDOOS ; AND A HISTORY OF THE ROMISH PERSECUTIONS OF THE NESTORIANS, OR SYRIAN CHRISTIANS OF TRAVANCORE. BY ELIJAH HOOLE. ' LONDON : v PUBLISHED AND SOLD BY LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, AND LONGMANS; SOLD ALSO BY JOHN MASON, 66, PATERNOSTER-ROW- 1844. PI1 is:- OF CHICAGO LIBRARY LONDON : JAMES NICHOLS, PRINTER, HOXTON-SQUAHE. CONTENTS. PREFACE TO THE PERSONAL NARRATIVE ON ITS FIRST PUBLICATION. Pages xix xxi. PREFACE. Object of this Publication Works consulted Dr. Wiseman's remarks on Protestant Missions Reply to Dr. Wiseman. Pages xxii. xxix. INTRODUCTION. Revival of religion in the eighteenth century Its object the promotion of personal piety Rejected by the Estab- lished Church Extended to Ireland, to North America, and to the West Indies Wesleyan Methodists throughout the world, one million and a half Dr. Coke's Missionary character and labours He projects a Mission to the East Obtains the con- sent of the Wesleyan Conference Embarks with six Mission- aries for India Died at sea. May 3d, 1814 Missionaries pro- ceed to Ceylon Rev. James Lynch commenced a Mission in Madras in 1817 Purchase and building of Mission premises at Royapettah Rev. Titus Close proceeds to Madras Rev. Thomas H. Squance forms a Mission at Negapatam Rev. James Mowat and Elijah Hoole appointed to Bangalore Ex- tension of the Missions since the author's return Indications of success Necessity of prayer Missions in North and South Ceylon Government School Commission Revival of religion in Batticaloa The savage Veddahs reclaimed and settled in three villages Encouragement to be derived from the past- Anticipations of the future. Pages xxx. xxxviii. STATISTICS OF THE MADRAS PRESIDENCY. Page xxxix, SUMMARY OF MISSIONS IN INDIA AND SOUTH CEYLON. Pages xl, xliii. MISSIONS OF THE CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY TO THE SYRIAN CHRISTIANS OF TRAVANCORE, Page xliv. LIST OF WESLEYAN MISSIONARIES YTHO HAVE BEEN SENT OUT TO INDIA AND CEYLON, WITH THE DATES OF THEIR EETUHN OH DECEASE, Pages xlv. xlviii. A 3 IV CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. NOVEMBER, 1819, TO SEPTEMBER, 1820. THE VOYAGE TO INDIA. Performed in much shorter time than " formerly The "overland journey less than two months The voyage by the Cape of Good Hope in some respects to he pre- ferred Route of the Phenicians, Egyptians, Greeks, and Arabs Route by the Caspian and river Oxus Route by Mesopo- tamia before the time of Moses Tadinor in the Wilderness on this route Visit of Pythagoras to India Black Jews of Cochin White Jews Syrian Christians Discovery of the passage by the Cape of Good Hope The Portuguese conquests in India The Dutch, the English, and French The author quits Man- chester in November, 1819 Rev. James and Mrs. Mowat Kindness shown by the Society Embark at Gravesend on board " the Tanjore "Sir Richard Otley Rev. Thomas and Mrs. Browning Sunday at Deal Rev. W. M. Harvard Change from boisterous to pleasant weather Comforts of the voyage The Bay of Biscay The tropics St. Antonio, one of the Cape de Verd Islands Interesting phenomena observable on the voyage Ceremony on crossing the Line Gale of wind off the Cape of Good Hope Make the Island of Ceylon View and smell of the land Native canoes Adam Munhi Rathana and Alexander Dherma Rama Distress of our native guides. Pages 1 7- CHAPTER II. SEPTEMBER GTH, 1820. BURKING OF THE SHIP, AND ESCAPE OP THE PASSENGERS AND CREW. Sir Richard Otley and suite land at Batticaloa Approach of a storm Vessel struck by the lightning, and set on fire Vain, efforts to save the ship Difficulty of getting out the boats Filled so as to be unsafe Gallant conduct of the first Mate, Mr, Ibbetson The party deficient of clothing A few articles saved Difficulty of getting clear of the burning ship Last view of the "Tanjore" Toils of the night A spar of the "Tanjore" subsequently found at Negapatam , " " Return of day, and land in sight Two sails contrived Native dhoney seen and gained Kindness of the .natives Accommodation for the night on board the dhoney Arrival at Trincomallee. Pages 8 16. CONTENTS. CHAPTER III. SEPTEMBER, 1820. THE ISLAND OF CEYLON. The harbour of Trincomallee-r-The Dutch anxious to promote Christianity Religious state of the natives on the arrival of the Wesleyan and American Mis- sionaries Ceylon visited by Ibn Batuta and Marco Polo Ceylon Ambassador at Rome in the time of Claudius Caesar Discovery of Roman coin and ring in Manaar Ceylon known to the Greeks, to Aristotle, and to Diodorus Siculus Natural advantages of Ceylon Kind reception by Commissioner Upton and Mr. Carver .Last Intelligence of Alexander and Adam Cholera Morbus Description of Trincomallee The Mission House Sunday services Embark for Madras by the schooner "Cochin" Inconveniences of the voyage Arrival and recep- tion at Madras. Pages 1 7 24. CHAPTER IV. SEPTEMBER, 1820. MADRAS AND ST. THOME. Madras, or Fort St. George, the oldest PresidencyThe East India Company's First Charter Inconvenience of the site of Madras Advantage of the neigh- bourhood of St. Thome and Pulicat Ceded by the Rajah of Chandergherry Fort St. David purchased from Rajah of Gin- jee in 1690 Madras capitulated to the French in 1744 Restored in 1749 Again besieged in 1758 by Count de Lally Relieved by the arrival of the British fleet In 1769 Hyder Ali appeared before Madras Treaty with him concluded Appearance of the Beach of Madras Fort St. George and other buildings Masoola boats Danger of crossing the surf Native rafts or catamarans Means of communication with the Island of Ceylon Native Kareiars, or Beach-men Black-Town of Madras described No Jews among its inhabitants The roads about Madras and the scenery Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of Madras St. Thome Thomas the Nestorian Pantas- nus visits India in the second century Arrival of the Portu- guese in 1545 Sold to the Hindoos in 1662 The English take possession of it in 1749 Hindoo town of Mielapoor Romish churches Mielapoor visited by the Ambassadors of Alfred in the ninth century Gibbon The Saxon Chronicle William of Malmesbury Romish legends of St. Thomas. St. Thomas's Mount Romish festival. Pages 25 37. VI CONTENTS. CHAPTER V. SEPTEMBER, OCTOBER, 1820. MISSIONARY OCCUPATIONS. Detained in Madras Impression produced by the appearance of a native congregation Native mode of dress Native class-meeting Opening services of the Church-Mission church in Madras Rev. T. Barenbruck and Dr. Rottler The Mohorum, a Mahommedan feast Interior of a native house Wesleyan congregations in Madras Study of the Tamul language Tamul translation of the holy Scriptures by Ziegenbalg Fabricius's version Rhenius's version Zie- genbalg's Tamul Grammar The Rev. T. H. Squance com- mences a Mission in Negapatam. Pages 38 44. CHAPTER VI. OCTOBER, 1820. JotrnNEr TO NEGAPATAM. Palankeen and Bearers Extra- ordinary journeys of palankeen bearers A Missionary terrified by their disputes Description of a choultry, or chatlram Mode of crossing rivers History and description of Covelong Romish Missions .Description of Tripatoor Sadras Jungle Description and history of Pondicherry French Mission in Pondicherry and the Carnatic Translation from Walther's " Tamul Ecclesiastical History" .Cuddalore Tranquebar History of the Tranquebar Mission Ziegenbalg's zeal and moderation Opposed by Romish Priests Constantine T. Beschi Veda Vilaccam Walther's Historia jEcolesiastica Tractarian works in Tamul. Pages 45 63. CHAPTER VII. NOVEMBER, 1820. JESUIT MISSION IN MADURA. Vasco de Gama A Yogi bap- tized at Calicut Pedro Covillam Michael Vaz, Vicar-General of all India Portuguese built Colombo and Goa Albu- querque's bigotry Goa a bishopric Arrival of Xavier in 1541 Paravas John de Cruz Xavier preached to the Pa- ravas and Mukkuvas Cape Comorin Manaar Prince of Danoor Blood-stained cross found at Mielapoor Antonio Criminal's imprudence and death Cochin made a bishopric Hidal Khan Nicholas Ippemenda Robertas de Nobili CONTENTS. Vll Christian churches erected in Jaffna Proceedings and death of the Jesuit John de Brito, or Arule'ndren Christians in Tanjore persecuted FRANCIS XAVIEH. His parentage and education His acquaintance with Loyola Distinguished at Rome Proceeded to India Effects of his ministry at Goa Acquired the Tamul, the Malay, and the Japanese languages Did not work miracles Character of his teaching Enshrined at Goa Teaching of his successors Church at Cotate Vow of a Heathen at the shrine of St. Francis Xavier. ROBERTAS DE No BILL Professed himself a San-yasi Jesuits concealed that they were Europeans Conformed to the prejudices of the Hindoos Father Martin's statement Father Bouchet Impri- sonment of Father Borghese Self-denial of the Jesuits A Jesuit on his Mission Fere Austrey at Keelcheri The suc- cessor of Abbe Dubois at Mysore Father Bouchet's visit to the Court at Trichinopoly Santiago's account of the persecu- tions and death of Father Dacunha at Cagonti Dr. Buchanan's account of Aoor Romish festival at Coonampettah The Hea- then offended at the proceedings of the Jesuits. Pages 64 103.