EPA Document# 740-D-20-006 April 2020 United States Office of Chemical Safety and Environmental Protection Agency Pollution Prevention Draft Scope of the Risk Evaluation for 1,2-Dichloropropane CASRN 78-87-5 April 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................................................5 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ..................................................................................................6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .....................................................................................................................10 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................13 2 SCOPE OF THE EVALUATION ...................................................................................................13 2.1 Reasonably Available Information ..............................................................................................13 Search of Gray Literature ...................................................................................................... 14 Search of Literature from Publicly Available Databases (Peer-Reviewed Literature) .......... 15 Search of TSCA Submissions ................................................................................................ 20 2.2 Conditions of Use ........................................................................................................................21 Categories and Subcategories of Conditions of Use Included in the Scope of the Risk Evaluation .............................................................................................................................. 21 Activities Excluded from the Scope of the Risk Evaluation ................................................. 23 Production Volume ................................................................................................................ 23 Overview of Conditions of Use and Lifecycle Diagram ....................................................... 23 2.3 Exposures ....................................................................................................................................26 Physical and Chemical Properties ......................................................................................... 26 Environmental Fate and Transport ........................................................................................ 26 Releases to the Environment ................................................................................................. 26 Environmental Exposures ...................................................................................................... 28 Occupational Exposures ........................................................................................................ 28 Consumer Exposures ............................................................................................................. 29 General Population Exposures ............................................................................................... 30 2.4 Hazards (Effects) .........................................................................................................................30 Environmental Hazards ......................................................................................................... 30 Human Health Hazards .......................................................................................................... 30 2.5 Potentially Exposed or Susceptible Subpopulations ...................................................................30 2.6 Conceptual Models ......................................................................................................................31 Conceptual Model for Industrial and Commercial Activities and Uses ................................ 31 Conceptual Model for Consumer Activities and Uses: Potential Exposures and Hazards .... 33 Conceptual Model for Environmental Releases and Wastes: Potential Exposures and Hazards (Regulatory Overlay) ............................................................................................... 35 2.6.3.1 Ambient Air Pathway ..................................................................................................... 37 2.6.3.2 Drinking Water Pathway ................................................................................................ 37 2.6.3.3 Ambient Water Pathway ................................................................................................. 37 2.6.3.4 Disposal and Soil Pathways ............................................................................................ 38 Conceptual Model for Environmental Releases and Wastes: Potential Exposures and Hazards .................................................................................................................................. 39 2.7 Analysis Plan ...............................................................................................................................41 Physical and Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate .................................................. 41 Exposure ................................................................................................................................ 42 2.7.2.1 Environmental Releases ................................................................................................. 42 2.7.2.2 Environmental Exposures ............................................................................................... 44 2 2.7.2.3 Occupational Exposures ................................................................................................. 45 2.7.2.4 Consumer Exposures ...................................................................................................... 47 2.7.2.5 General Population ......................................................................................................... 48 Hazards (Effects) ................................................................................................................... 48 2.7.3.1 Environmental Hazards .................................................................................................. 48 2.7.3.2 Human Health Hazards ................................................................................................... 49 Summary of Risk Approaches for Characterization .............................................................. 52 2.8 Peer Review .................................................................................................................................52 REFERENCES .........................................................................................................................................53 APPENDICES ..........................................................................................................................................62 LIST OF GRAY LITERATURE SOURCES .............................................................. 62 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF 1,2-DICHLOROPROPANE .. 66 ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF 1,2- DICHLOROPROPANE ......................................................................................................................... 68 REGULATORY HISTORY .......................................................................................... 69 PROCESS, RELEASE AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE INFORMATION .. 79 E.1.1 Manufacture (Including Import) .............................................................................................79 E.1.1.1 Manufacture .....................................................................................................................79 E.1.1.2 Import ..............................................................................................................................79 E.1.2 Processing and Distribution ....................................................................................................79 E.1.2.1 Processing as a Reactant ..................................................................................................79 E.1.2.2 Incorporation into Formulation, Mixture, or Reaction Product ......................................80 E.1.3 Uses .........................................................................................................................................80 E.1.3.1 Industrial Use – Non-Incorporative Activities ................................................................80 E.1.3.2 Commercial Laboratory Use ...........................................................................................80 E.1.3.3 Commercial Cleaning and Furniture Care Products ........................................................80 E.1.4 Disposal ..................................................................................................................................80 SUPPORTING INFORMATION - CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES AND USES .............................................................................. 82 SUPPORTING INFORMATION - CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR CONSUMER ACTIVITIES AND USES ...................................................................................................................... 86 SUPPORTING INFORMATION – CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RELEASES AND WASTES ............................................................................. 87 3 LIST OF TABLES Table 2-1. Results of Title Screening