12th Edition 2014 THE ICC INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ROADMAP Current and emerging issues for business and policymakers 12th Edition 2014 THE ICC INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ROADMAP Current and emerging issues for business and policymakers Copyright © 2014 International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) ICC holds all copyright and other intellectual property rights in this collective work, and encourages its reproduction and dissemination subject to the following: Q ICC must be cited as the source and copyright holder mentioning the title of the document, © International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), and the publication year if available. Q Express written permission must be obtained for any modification, adaptation or translation, for any commercial use, and for use in any manner that implies that another organization or person is the source of, or is associated with, the work. Q The work may not be reproduced or made available on websites except through a link to the relevant ICC web page (not to the document itself). Permission can be requested from ICC through [email protected] The ICC Intellectual Property Roadmap sponsors Key sponsors Sponsors 2014 Table of contents Table of contents Preface Acknowledgements Links Intellectual property basics .................................................................................................................. 1 Developments having an impact on intellectual property protection .............................................. 8 Roadmap A. Creating value from intellectual property I. Managing intellectual property assets to create value ............................................... 17 II. Licensing ......................................................................................................................... 19 1. General issues ........................................................................................................ 19 2. Specific situations ................................................................................................... 23 2.1. Collective administration and licensing of copyrights ................................... 23 2.2. Patents and standards ................................................................................. 23 III. Valuation and monetization of intellectual property assets ....................................... 25 B. Obtaining intellectual property assets I. Patents ............................................................................................................................. 28 1. Patent office cooperation and substantive patent law harmonization ..................... 28 2. Patent quality .......................................................................................................... 30 3. Patentability of new uses for known compounds .................................................... 31 4. The work on the patent system in Europe .............................................................. 32 5. Language considerations ....................................................................................... 34 II. Designs ............................................................................................................................ 35 THE ICC INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ROADMAP Table of contents 2014 III. Copyright ......................................................................................................................... 37 1. Moral rights ............................................................................................................. 38 2. Protection of audiovisual performers ...................................................................... 39 3. Protection of broadcasters ...................................................................................... 39 4. Access to published works for persons who are blind, visually impaired or otherwise print disabled .......................................................................................... 40 5. Orphan works ......................................................................................................... 40 IV. Trademarks ..................................................................................................................... 41 1. Harmonization and streamlining of trademark rules and procedures ..................... 41 2. Famous / well-known marks ................................................................................... 42 3. Searches ................................................................................................................ 43 4. Restrictions on the use of trademarks on packaging .............................................. 44 5. Non-traditional marks ............................................................................................. 46 V. Domain names ................................................................................................................ 47 1. Expansion of the domain name landscape ............................................................. 47 2. Challenges for new gTLD registries and brand holders ......................................... 49 VI. Geographical indications. .............................................................................................. 50 VII. Plant variety rights (PVR) ............................................................................................... 52 VIII. Trade secrets/ confidential business information ....................................................... 53 IX. Other forms of intellectual property ............................................................................. 54 1. Information products, e.g. databases ..................................................................... 54 2. Indigenous / community / traditional rights ............................................................. 56 C. Enforcement of intellectual property rights I. Enforcement priorities ................................................................................................... 58 1. Litigating intellectual property rights ....................................................................... 58 2. Enforcement on the Internet ................................................................................... 59 THE ICC INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ROADMAP 2014 Table of contents II. Resolution of intellectual property disputes by arbitration or mediation ................. 62 1. Arbitration ............................................................................................................... 62 2. Mediation ................................................................................................................ 65 III. Counterfeiting and piracy .............................................................................................. 66 D. Interaction between intellectual property and other policy areas I. Sustainable economic development ............................................................................. 69 II. Environmental protection .............................................................................................. 71 1. Biological diversity .................................................................................................. 71 2. Climate change ....................................................................................................... 72 III. Innovation ........................................................................................................................ 74 IV. Competition ..................................................................................................................... 76 V. Information society ......................................................................................................... 78 Notes THE ICC INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ROADMAP Preface 2014 Preface Intellectual property (IP) continues to be a dynamic and constantly evolving field, closely tied to technological, economic, political and social changes. The changing geo-economic landscape has led to a growing interest in IP as a strategic tool by business communities in different countries. Governments in various countries are also looking to IP to help build sustainable economic growth, whether they be emerging economies seeking to build up their economic base, or more mature economies wanting to maintain their competitive edge in the global market. The increased ease of communications and travel has also led to more cross-border business – and IP – transactions and exchange. This brings with it the need for a level playing field and coherent rules worldwide. Business can play an important role in helping governments understand the type of IP infrastructure necessary to stimulate the growth of innovative and creative industries and to encourage technology transactions. The accelerating pace of developments in information and other technologies and the trend towards more collaboration in innovation are all having a major impact on how IP is used, licensed and protected. The emergence of new Internet applications and platforms, the increasing ubiquity of mobile devices and Internet, ever-increasing bandwidth and changing consumer behaviour are making IP owners reconsider their strategies and models for distributing, commercializing and controlling their intellectual assets in the electronic environment. The role of IP in society – especially patents and copyright – continues to be the subject of lively debate, both at national and international level. The practical workings of IP also continue to be misunderstood.