THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA MTWARA REGION SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE UGANDA RWANDA KENYA BURUNDI MTWARA REGION ZAMBIA MSUMBIJI Joint Publication by: THE PLANNING COMMISSION DAR ES SALAAM and REGIONAL COMMISSIONER'S OFFICE MTWARA TABLE OF CONTENTS Page FOREWORD.....................................................................................................................V SECTION I LAND, PEOPLE AND CLIMATE 1.1 Geographical Location:............................................................................................. 1 1.2 Land Area:................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Administrative Units:................................................................................................ 1 1.4 Ethnicity:..................................................................................................................... 4 1.5 Population Size, Growth and Distribution:............................................................. 4 1.6 Population sex, households and Age Groups:.................................................... 15 1.7 Urban/Rural Population Distribution:................................................................... 24 1.8 Migration and Employment.................................................................................... 27 1.9 Climate and Soils:..................................................................................................... 30 1.10 Topography and Drainage:.................................................................................. 31 1.11 Agro-Ecological Zones:........................................................................................ 31 SECTION II REGIONAL ECONOMY 2.1 INTRODUCTION:............................................................................................................ 34 2.2 REGIONAL GDP AND PER CAPITA GDP: ................................................................... 35 2.3 PRODUCTIVE SECTORS............................................................................................. 43 2. 3.1 Agriculture ............................................................................................................ 43 2.3.2 Livestock:............................................................................................................... 61 2.3.3 Forestry:................................................................................................................. 65 2.3.4 Fishery:................................................................................................................... 69 2.3.5 Wildlife:.................................................................................................................. 73 2.3.6 Beekeeping:............................................................................................................ 74 2.3.7 Mining:................................................................................................................... 77 2.3.8 Industries:.............................................................................................................. 78 i SECTION III SOCIAL SERVICES 3.1 EDUCATION: ................................................................................................................ 79 3.1.1 Pre-School Education:.......................................................................................... 79 3.1.2 Primary School Education:................................................................................... 81 1.2.2 Primary School Dropouts:.................................................................................... 87 1.2.3 Primary School Teachers:.................................................................................... 91 2.4 Primary education Infrastructure:.......................................................................... 92 3.1.2.5 Comparative Status of Primary Education in Mtwara Region:.................... 95 3.1.2.6 Special Primary Schools .................................................................................... 98 3.1.3. Adult Education................................................................................................... 99 3.1.4 Secondary School Education:........................................................................... 105 3.2 HEALTH....................................................................................................................... 112 3.2.1 Introduction......................................................................................................... 112 3.2.2 Morbidity and Mortality.................................................................................... 113 3.2.3 Health Facilities ................................................................................................... 118 2.4 Child Immunization:............................................................................................... 125 3.2.5 Child Nutrition:.................................................................................................... 127 3.2.6 Infant and Under five Mortality:....................................................................... 131 3.2.7 Maternal Mortality:............................................................................................. 135 3.2.8 AIDS: .................................................................................................................... 140 3.2.9 Life Expectancy ................................................................................................... 142 3.2.10 Other Health Issues .......................................................................................... 143 3.3 WATER SUPPLY ........................................................................................................ 146 3.3.1 Introduction......................................................................................................... 146 3.3.2 Rural Water Supplies.......................................................................................... 146 3.3.3 Urban Water Supplies ........................................................................................ 148 3.3.4 Sanitation ............................................................................................................. 151 ii SECTION IV ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE 4.1 Introduction............................................................................................................ 154 4.2 Roads....................................................................................................................... 154 ROAD NETWORK - MTWARA REGION............................................................... 156 4.3. Air Services............................................................................................................ 159 4.4. Marine Services..................................................................................................... 163 4.5 Telecommunication Network................................................................................ 164 4.6 Energy...................................................................................................................... 164 4.6.1 Electricity:............................................................................................................. 164 4.6.2 Fuelwood.............................................................................................................. 167 4.6.3 Other forms of Energy........................................................................................ 167 4.7 Land development ................................................................................................. 167 SECTION V OTHER DEVELOPMENT IS SUES 5.1 WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT:..................................................................................... 169 5.1.1 Women at Household Level:............................................................................. 169 5.1.2 Women leadership at above household level: ............................................... 170 5.1.3 Gender Issues and the Alleviation of Poverty:.............................................. 172 5.2 Environmental Conservation:............................................................................... 175 5.3 Tourism:................................................................................................................... 178 SECTION VI POTENTIAL INVESTMENT AREAS 6.1 Agriculture:............................................................................................................. 179 6.2 Livestock:................................................................................................................ 180 6.3 Forestry:.................................................................................................................. 182 6.4 Beekeeping:............................................................................................................. 182 6.5 Mining:.................................................................................................................... 182 6.6 Industrial Development:........................................................................................ 183 6.7 Transport:................................................................................................................ 183 6.8 Energy:..................................................................................................................... 184 6.9 Health:.....................................................................................................................