SFRA URIFFM UAA NULES OF UKRAINE UNDERSTANDING THE CONTRIBUTION OF AGROFORESTRY TO LANDSCAPE RESILIENCE IN EUROPE Agroforestry in Ukraine: achievements and prospectives (Windbreaks as a part of agroforestry systems in Ukraine) Dr. Vasyl Yukhnovskyi Dr. Natalia Vysotska Ganna Lobchenko Chairman of Ukrainian Agroforestry Deputy director for Science of Ukrainian Ph.D, Assistant-Professor of Association (UAA), Research Institute of Forestry and Forest the National University of Life and Environmental Professor of the National University of Melioration named after G. М. Vysotsky (URIFFM) Sciences of Ukraine Life and Environmental Sciences of (NULES of Ukraine) Ukraine (NULES of Ukraine) 9–10 OCTOBER 2018, BUDAPEST, HUNGARY 2 DESERTIFICATION VULNERABILITY 2 3 DEGREE OF ARIDITY AND FREQUENCY OF DUST STORMS IN UKRAINE Frequency of dust storms, % Rate of arable land violated as a result of soil blowing Source : https://gazeta.ua/articles/regions/_zyavilisya-zahoplivi-foto-i-video-pilovoyi-buri/837298 4 WINDBREAKS LOCATION AND DEFINITION • Windbreaks or shelter belts are located on the borders of fields in plain terms and slopes to 1.5 (2) º. • According to ISO 48-74: 2007 windbreaks are an artificial protective forest plantations in the form of strips, which serve to protect arable land and agricultural crops from the effects of adverse natural and anthropogenic factors. 5 AGROFORESTRY IN UKRAINE First prototype of agroforestry systems with windbreaks on agricultural fields was created by V. Lomykovskyy in 1809-1837 6 UNIQUE OBJECTS OF THE DOKUCHAEV`S EXPEDITION Stony Steppe 1892 Starobelsky station Ve lyko-Anadolsky Oleshky Sands station 7 AGROFORESTRY IN UKRAINE 8 AGROFORESTRY IN UKRAINE THE AREA OF WINDBREAKS AND PROTECTIVE FORESTS 9 (Statistics data, 01.01.2015) Area, th.ha Area, th.ha Region, province other protective Region, province other protective windbreaks windbreaks stands stands Ukraine 446,1 1394,8 Mykolaiv 33,8 18,9 Crimia 23,9 8,6 Odessa 50,0 30,3 Vinnitsa 17,6 16,0 Poltava 20,0 53,5 Voly n 0,2 18,4 Rivne - 63,6 Dnipro 42,5 44,1 Sumy 13,0 58,9 Donetsk 31,9 21,1 Ternopil 0,9 61,1 Zhytomyr 5,0 43,1 Kharkiv 26,5 123,0 Zakarpattia 0,1 30,9 Kherson 29,0 56,6 Zaporizzia 51,9 58,2 Khmelnytsk 4,2 45,4 Ivano-Frankovsk - 18,9 Cherkassy 14,1 14,6 Kyiv 12,3 53,4 Chernivtsi - 2,3 Kirovograd 28,1 17,3 Chernigiv 10,3 22,9 Luhansk 30,3 115,6 town Kyiv - 0,2 Lviv 0,1 36,8 town Sevastopil 0,4 1,1 10 WINDBREAKS IMPACT Areas of influence on the basic parameters of microclimate Range of essential impact of windbreaks 11 ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF WINDBREAKS An integral index of the positive influence of forest windbreaks on fields is increasing of agricultural crops yield by 10-20%, that in terms of grain is 400 kg·ha-1, and winter wheat – 400-500 kg·ha-1. The increasing of yield due to use of windbreaks protection could be for cereals about 16 %, sugar beet – 20 %, sunflower – 18 %, corn – 28 %. Importantly, economic benefits from using windbreaks starts since 10- 15 years old, including the covering the cost of creation. 12 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CURRENT STATE OF FORESTRY AND AGROFORESTRY IN UKRAINE (SWOT - analysis) Strengths Weaknesses 1. National traditions of forestry management, a high level of forestry 1. Lack of sufficient legal framework to ensure the effective development of education and research. the Agroforestry. 2. Preservation of forest enterprises as independent, vertically-integrated 2. The heterogeneity of geographical, natural and climatic conditions. structures, high level of manageability in the industry. 3. Actual lack of windbreaks owner. 3. Consolidation of forestry professionals and forestry community. 4. Slow growth of forestland, lack of forest resources. 4. Presence of restorative forest resource and complete systems of 5. Weak technical support, high level of equipment wear, lack of windbreaks. investments. Opportunities Threats 1. Development a National Forest Policy that would 1. The imbalance in financial security is excessive tax pressure on the forest was based on the principles, criteria and indicators of sustainable industry. Lack of funding for forestry activities in the Steppe and Forest- forest management. Construction of an effective development strategy. steppe areas of the country, which will lead to degradation and decline of 2. Compliance with the European Landscape Convention. forestry. 3. Wider cooperation with European Agroforestry Federation. 2. Lack of adaptation strategy to climate change. 4. Increasing the role of local communities in decision-making on forest 3. Possible large loss of windbreaks areas due to the imperfection of management planning and forest management. legislation during the energy crisis. 5. Use of modern information technologies for forest management and 4. Imbalance in approaches to measures to improve the sanitary state of forest inventory; connect all forest users to electronic accounting forests, massive drying of forest plantations. systems for wood. 5. Formation of negative attitude to the forest industry All-Ukrainian round table 13 “THE LEGAL REGIME OF WINDBREAKS. WHO IS THE REAL OWNER?“ (Kyiv, March 11, 2016) 14 MULTIPURPOSE WINDBREAKS Collection of species and varieties of willows and Juglans regia & Populus nigra var. pyramidalis poplars in URIFFM 15 Ukrainian Agroforestry Association, Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Forest Forestry and Park Gardening Institute Melioration named after G.M. Vysotsky National University of Life www.uriffm.org.ua and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine Phone/fax: +380-57-7041002 Ukraine , Kyiv E-mail: [email protected] Phone/fax: +380 44 527-82-37 E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] [email protected] Thank you for attention! “Wood - a special, infinitely good and infinitely generous organism that does not ask anything to sustain their existence and generously scatters products of own life. It takes under its protection of all living creatures and offers shade even a woodcutter who is going to cut it” S.Hautama - the founder of Buddhism.