WWW.AALIZWEL.COM Its Time only for SUNSHINE & RAINS without any Pains SEMINAR REPORT ON FUEL ENERGIZER Index S. No.. Contents Page No. 1 Introduction 2 2 The Magnetizer And Hydrocarbon Fuel 10 3 Atoms Of Hydrogen In Its Para And Ortho State 15 4 How Does Magnetizer Allow To Meet The 18 Requirements 5 A Comparison Between The Catalytic Converter 23 And The Magnetizer 6 Oxides Of Nitrogen And Fuel Treatment 28 7 Applications of fuel energizer 33 8 Conclusion 39 9 References 40 FOR MORE: [email protected] WWW.AALIZWEL.COM Its Time only for SUNSHINE & RAINS without any Pains Chapter 1 Introduction India is the 6th largest consumer of crude oil in the world and consumes nearly 2.7 million barrels a day, which costs about 145 million dollars. Out of the total fuel consumed approximately 25 – 30 % of this energy is wasted. Today‘s hydrocarbon fuel leaves a natural deposit of carbon residue that clogs carburetor, fuel injector, leading to reduced efficiency and waste of fuel. Pinging, stalling, loss of horse power and greatly decreased mileage in cars are very noticeable. The same is true of home heating units where improper combustion leads to wasted fuel (gas) and cost, money in poor efficiency and repairs due to build up carbon deposit. Most fuels for internal combustion engine are liquid. Fuels do not combust until they are vaporized and mixed with air. Most emission motor vehicle consists of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen. Unburned hydrocarbon and oxides of nitrogen react in the atmosphere and smog. Smog is prime cause of eye and throat irritation, noxious smell, plat damage and decreased visibility. Oxides of nitrogen are also toxic. FOR MORE: [email protected] WWW.AALIZWEL.COM Its Time only for SUNSHINE & RAINS without any Pains Generally fuels for internal combustion engine are compound of molecules. Each molecule consists of a number of atoms made up of a number of electrons, which orbit their nucleus. Magnetic movements already exist in their molecules and they therefore already have positive and negative hydrogen charges. However, these molecules have not been realigned, the fuel is not actively interlocked with hydrogen during combustion, the fuel molecule or hydrocarbon chains must be ionized and realigned. The ionization and realignment is achieved through the application of magnetic field created by ―fuel energizer‖. Fuel mainly consists of hydrocarbon and when fuel flows through a magnetic field, such as the one created by the fuel energizer, the hydrocarbon change their orientation and the molecules of hydrocarbon change their configuration. At the same time intermolecular force is considerably reduced or depressed. These mechanisms are believed to help disperse oil particles and to become finely divided. This has the effect of ensuring that fuel actively inter locks with oxygen producing a more complete burn in the combustion chamber. The result is higher engine output, better fuel economy and reduction in hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen that are emitted through exhaust. The ionization fuel also helps to dissolve the carbon build up in carburetor, jets, fuel injector and combustion chamber, there by keeping the engine‘s condition clean. Also it works on any vehicle or device (cooking gas stove) using liquid or gas fuel. Brief about hydrogen Hydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1. It is represented by the symbol H. With an atomic weight of 1.00794 u(1.007825 u for Hydrogen-1), hydrogen is the lightest and most abundant chemical element, constituting roughly 75 % of the Universe's elemental mass.[4] Stars in the main sequence are mainly composed of hydrogen in its plasma state. Naturally occurring elemental hydrogen is relatively rare on Earth. The most common isotope of hydrogen is protium (name rarely used, symbol H) with a single proton and no neutrons. In ionic compoundsit can take a negative charge (an anion known as a hydride and written as H−), or as a positively charged species H+. The latter cation is written as though composed of a bare proton, but in reality, hydrogen cations in ionic compounds always occur as more complex species. Hydrogen forms FOR MORE: [email protected] WWW.AALIZWEL.COM Its Time only for SUNSHINE & RAINS without any Pains compounds with most elements and is present in water and most organic compounds. It plays a particularly important role in acid-base chemistry with many reactions exchanging protons between soluble molecules. As the simplest atom known, the hydrogen atom has been of theoretical use. For example, as the only neutral atom with an analytic solution to the Schrödinger equation, the study of the energetics and bonding of the hydrogen atom played a key role in the development of quantum mechanics. Hydrogen gas (now known to be H2) was first artificially produced in the early 16th century, via the mixing of metals with strong acids. In 1766– 81, Henry Cavendish was the first to recognize that hydrogen gas was a discrete substance,[5] and that it produces water when burned, a property which later gave it its name, which in Greek means "water-former." At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is acolorless, odorless, nonmetallic, tasteless, highly combustible diatomic gas with the molecular formula H2. Industrial production is mainly from the steam reforming of natural gas, and less often from more energy-intensive hydrogen productionmethods like the electrolysis of water.[6] Most hydrogen is employed near its production site, with the two largest uses being fossil fuelprocessing (e.g., hydrocracking) and ammonia production, mostly for the fertilizer market. Hydrogen is a concern in metallurgy as it can embrittle many metals,[7] complicating the design of pipelines and storage tanks.[8 Combustion The Space Shuttle Main Engineburns hydrogen with oxygen, producing a nearly invisible flame at full thrust. FOR MORE: [email protected] WWW.AALIZWEL.COM Its Time only for SUNSHINE & RAINS without any Pains Hydrogen gas (dihydrogen)[9] is highly flammable and will burn in air at a very wide range of concentrations between 4% and 75% by volume.[10] The enthalpy of combustion for hydrogen is −286 kJ/mol:[11] 2 H2(g) + O2(g) → 2 H2O(l) + 572 kJ (286 kJ/mol) Hydrogen gas forms explosive mixtures with air in the concentration range 4-74% (volume per cent of hydrogen in air) and with chlorine in the range 5-95%. The mixtures spontaneously detonate by spark, heat or sunlight. The hydrogen autoignition temperature, the temperature of spontaneous ignition in air, is 500 °C (932 °F).[12] Pure hydrogen-oxygen flames emit ultraviolet light and are nearly invisible to the naked eye, as illustrated by the faint plume of the Space Shuttle main engine compared to the highly visible plume of a Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster. The detection of a burning hydrogen leak may require a flame detector; such leaks can be very dangerous. The destruction of the Hindenburg airship was an infamous example of hydrogen combustion; the cause is debated, but the visible flames were the result of combustible materials in the ship's skin.[13] Because hydrogen is buoyant in air, hydrogen flames tend to ascend rapidly and cause less damage than hydrocarbon fires. Two-thirds of the Hindenburg passengers survived the fire, and many deaths were instead the result of falls or burning diesel fuel. H2 reacts with every oxidizing element. Hydrogen can react spontaneously and violently at room temperature with chlorine and fluorine to form the corresponding hydrogen FOR MORE: [email protected] WWW.AALIZWEL.COM Its Time only for SUNSHINE & RAINS without any Pains halides, hydrogen chloride and hydrogen fluoride, which are also potentially dangerous acids.[15] How to install a fuel energizer??? The magnetic flux density to be imparted to fuel widely varies depending upon fuel, air or steam, and combustion equipment and conditions. In general, the preferred range of magnetic flux density is from 1000 to 3500 Gauss, and the most preferred range is from 1400 to 1800 Gauss when fuel oil is used in combination with conventional heat power boilers. The optimum range will be determined through experimental runs. The field strength is a function of the engine size based on fuel consumption. The Ferrite magnets are the most cost effective for treating fuel. When high energy Neodymium Iron Boron Magnets are applied, we can obtain a decrease in the fuel mileage and unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. The magnetizing apparatus is located on the pipe between pumping means and the burner, carburetor or fuel injectors, because it is unnecessary for any other parts to be magnetized. A portion of the fuel feeding system extending from a point downstream of the magnetizing apparatus to the burner must be made of non-magnetic material. In this case, magnetized fuel is directly fed to burners or atomizing nozzles with a minimum reduction of magnetism. The magnets are embedded in a body of non-magnetic material, such as plastic, copper or aluminum, to secure they to the fuel line. No cutting of the fuel line and no hose and clamps are necessary to install this device, outside a fuel line without disconnection or modification of the fuel or ignition system for producing magnetic flux in the flow path of combustible fuel within the pipe. These units have been installed without other fuel line or ignition adjustments to treat vehicles failing required emission tests as an inexpensive retrofit accessory to give substantially immediate improvements of up to the order of 80 % reduction in hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions. In a preferred embodiment, one or more magnets are strapped to the fuel line as close as possible to the carburetor or fuel injectors with only one pole of the magnet or magnets adjacent to or in contact with the fuel line.