Rev. Bras. Saúde Prod. Anim., Salvador, v.17, n.2, p.202-213 abr./jun., 2016 http://www.rbspa.ufba.br ISSN 1519 9940 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-99402016000200008 Nutritional evaluation of passion fruit seed meal for meat quails Avaliação nutricional do farelo da semente de maracujá para codornas de corte (Coturnix coturnix japonica ) FACHINELLO, Marcelise Regina¹* ; POZZA, Paulo Cesar²; FURLAN, Antônio Claudio²; PAULA, Vinicius Ricardo Cambito de³; BONAGURIO, Lucas Pimentel¹; MARCATO, Simara Márcia²; LEAL, Isabela Ferreira²; HUEPA, Laura Marcela Diaz¹ ¹Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Maringá, Paraná, Brasil. ²Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Zootecnia, Maringá, Paraná, Brasil. ³Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil. *Endereço para correspondência: [email protected] SUMMARY RESUMO The objective of this study was to determine the Objetivou-se com este estudo, determinar a chemical composition, apparent metabolizable composição química, a energia metabolizável energy (AME), apparent metabolizable energy aparente (EMA), energia metabolizável aparente corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn) and the corrigida para o nitrogênio (EMAn) e a metabolizability of dry matter (DM), crude protein metabolizabilidade da matéria seca (MS), (CP), ether extract (EE) and neutral detergent fiber proteína bruta (PB), extrato etéreo (EE) e fibra (NDF) of passion fruit seed meal (PFM) for quails. em detergente neutro (FDN) do farelo da One hundred meat quails ( Coturnix coturnix semente de maracujá (FSM) para codornas. japonica ), with 21 days old, allotted in a Foram utilizadas 100 codornas de corte completely randomized design, with four (Coturnix coturnix japonica ) com 21 dias de treatments, five replicates and four animals per idade, distribuídos em um delineamento experimental unit. The treatments consisted of inteiramente casualizado, com quatro different levels PFM (4.0, 8.0, 12.0 and 16.0%) tratamentos, cinco repetições e quatro aves por that replaced the basal diet (w/w). Metabolizable unidade experimental. Os tratamentos values were determined by fitting linear equations constituíram de diferentes níveis de FSM (4,0; the PFM can be characterized as an alternative 8,0; 12,0; 16,0%) em substituição a ração feedstuff for meat quails and the main chemical referência. Valores metabolizáveis foram compounds are gross energy (5,569 kcal kg -¹), CP determinados por ajuste de equações lineares. O (11.34%), EE (18.84%) and NDF (50.22%), as FSM pode ser caracterizado como um alimento fed basis. Linear equations were fitted as follow: alternativo para codornas de corte e seus AME = 2,976 x + 5.877 (r² = 0.94) and AMEn = principais compostos são a energia bruta (5.569 2,939 x + 4.864 (r² = 0.95), thus AME and AMEn kcal kg -¹), PB (11,34%), EE (18,84%) e FDN were estimated at 2,976 and 2,939 kcal kg -¹, (50,22%), na matéria natural. Foram ajustadas respectively. Additionaly, equations were adjusted as equações EMA = 2.976 + 5,877 x (r² = 0,94) for CP, EE, NFD and DM, respectively resulting e EMAn = 2.939 + 4,864 x (r² = 0,95), assim, a in a metabolization of 6.35, 17.9, 12.48 and EMA e EMAn foram estimadas em 2.976 e 45.66%. It is concluded that main components of 2.939 kcal kg -¹, respectivamente. the passion fruit seed meal are gross energy, crude Adicionalmente, foram ajustadas equações para protein, ether extract and neutral detergent fiber PB, EE, FDN e MS resultando em valores and its AME and AMEn for meat quails are 2,976 metabolizáveis de 6,35, 17,9, 12,48 e 45,66%, and 2,939 kcal kg -¹, respectively. respectivamente. Conclui-se que os principais componentes do farelo da semente de maracujá Keywords: alternative feedstuffs, chemical são a energia bruta, proteína bruta, extrato composition, metabolizability coefficient etéreo e fibra em detergente neutro, e a EMA e 202 Rev. Bras. Saúde Prod. Anim., Salvador, v.17, n.2, p.202-213 abr./jun., 2016 http://www.rbspa.ufba.br ISSN 1519 9940 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-99402016000200008 EMAn para codornas de corte é de 2.976 e (1.50%). Seeds of this fruit contains - 2.939 kcal kg ¹, respectivamente. about 55.45% of neutral detergent fiber Palavras-chave: alimentos alternativos, (VALADARES FILHO et al., 2006), coeficiente de metabolizabilidade, composição 1.34% of minerals (CHAU & HUANG, química 2004), 25.7% of lipids and 15.62 % of protein (FERRARI et al., 2004). Therefore, the byproduct generated by INTRODUCTION the passion fruit juice processing can be an alternative for animal feed. Ariki et al. (1977) evaluated hulls and seeds of Has increased demand for products such passion fruit in broiler diets and as corn and soybean meal, the main obtained a metabolizable energy (ME) ingredients used in feed formulations of of 1,813 and 1,635kcal kg -1, poultry moreover, their prices greatly respectively. On the other hand, Romo increased in recen year, increasing costs & Nava (2007) obtained 1,950 kcal ME of production. An alternative has been kg -1 of passion fruit seed meal (PFM), studied in order to include for laying hens. However, no agroindustrial by-products derived from information is available about using this the processing of fruit in the feed byproduct for meat quails. formulation, can reduce production In this way, an adequate knowledge costs without affect poultry about the nutritional value of the PFM performance (LOPES et al., 2011). is indispensable to be used in quail The Brazil has great potential for this diets. This study aimed to determine market, as is third major fruit producer the chemical composition, apparent in the world (43 million tons) metabolizable energy (AME) and (SANTOS et al., 2014). Among the apparent metabolizable energy corrected produced fruits, Brazil stands out as the for nitrogen balance (AMEn) and the largest producer and consumer of nutrients' metabolizability of PFM for passion fruit, producing 776 thousand meat quails. tons of passion fruit in 2012 (IBGE, 2013). The yellow or sour passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims. F. Flavicarpa MATERIALS AND METHODS deg ) represents more than 95% of the Brazilian production, and its residue (seeds and hulls) of juice processing All animal procedures were approved represents about 65-70% of the fruit by the Committee for Ethics in Animal weight (FERRARI et al., 2004), and Experimentation (CEAE) of the may be a problem of agro-industrial university (protocol 3160180615). The residue. experiment was carried out in the Fruit byproducts contain nutrients that Fazenda Experimental de Iguatemi can be availed in animal production (FEI), belonging to Universidade (ABUD & NARAIN, 2009). Passion Estadual de Maringá (UEM), located in fruit contains about 50.3% of hulls, Paraná State (23 ° 21'S, 52 ° 04'W, 23.2% of juice and 26.2% of seeds altitude 564m). (FERRARI et al., 2004). Cordova et al. The passion fruit byproduct from (2005) reported that its hulls variety Passiflora edulis (passion fruit predominantly contains carbohydrates yellow or sour) was obtained from the (55.96%), lipids (0.80%) and protein extraction of the pulp and hulls of the 203 Rev. Bras. Saúde Prod. Anim., Salvador, v.17, n.2, p.202-213 abr./jun., 2016 http://www.rbspa.ufba.br ISSN 1519 9940 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-99402016000200008 passion fruit, presenting about 60% of and 16.0%) that replaced the basal diet moisture. This byproduct was spread in (w/w). This last was based on corn and layers of approximately seven inches soybean meal (Table 1), formulated thick, in a concrete floor, and naturally according to the chemical composition of dried by the sun radiation. At least three the feedstuffs proposed by Rostagno et al. times a day the by-product was revolved (2011). to avoid microorganisms proliferation. The experiment lasted 10 days, being After that, the material was ground in a five for adaptation to cages and diets hammer mill (containing holes of 2.5mm and the other five for total excreta of diameter), resulting in the PFM. collection. Animals had free access to One hundred and meat quails ( Coturnix feed and water. In order to obtain the coturnix japonica ), with 21 days old, average feed intake of each were allotted in a completely randomized experimental unit, feed was weighed at design, with four treatments, five the beginning and end of the total replicates and four animals per collection period. Ferric oxide was used experimental unit. Treatments consisted in order to determine the beginning and in increasing levels of PFM (4.0, 8.0, 12.0 the end of the collection period. Table 1. Composition of the basal diet Item Amount (%) Corn (8.55% PB) 50.73 Soybean meal (45.96% PB) 41.82 Soybean oil 3.90 Limestone 0.30 Dicalcium phosphate 1.55 Salt 0.46 DL-Methionine 99% 0.43 L-Lysine HCl 0.35 L-Threonine 0.04 Premix Vit./Min. 1 0.40 Antioxidant 2 0.02 Calculated composition Metabolizable energy (kcal/kg -1) 3.036 Crude protein (%) 23.50 Calcium (%) 0.610 Available phosphorus (%) 0.410 Sodium (%) 0.200 Potassium (%) 0.914 Chlorine (%) 0.324 SID Lysine (%) 1.450 SID Threonine (%) 0.943 SID Methionine + Cystine (%) 1.044 SID Tryptophan (%) 0.294 DEB (mEq kg -1)3 229.33 1Guaranteed levels per kg of product: Vit.A - 4.500,000 UI; Vit.D3 - 1.250,000 UI; Vit.E - 4,000 mg; Vit.B1 - 278 mg; Vit.B2 - 2,000 mg; Vit.B6 - 525 mg; Vit.B12 - 5,000 mcg; Vit.K3 - 1.007 mg; Calcium Pantothenate - 4,000 mg; Niacin - 10,000 mg; Choline - 140,000 mg; Antioxidant - 5,000 mg; Zinc - 31,500 mg; Iron - 24,500 mg; Manganeese - 38,750 mg; Copper - 7,656 mg; Cobalt - 100 mg; Iodine - 484 mg; Selenium - 127 mg.