MUSICA UNIVERSALIS AN ORIGINAL COMPOSITION FOR CHAMBER ENSEMBLE A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE DOCTOR OF ARTS BY SALVATORE ANTHONY LOCASCIO DISSERTATION ADVISOR: DR. AMELIA KAPLAN BALL STATE UNIVERSITY MUNCIE, INDIANA DECEMBER, 2017 i TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii LIST OF EXAMPLES iii CHAPTER 1: Introduction 1 CHAPTER 2: Astrological Terms 4 CHAPTER 3: Review of Music Literature 9 CHAPTER 4: Compositional Techniques in Sampled Contemporary Works 13 The Wind in High Places 14 Breathless 17 CHAPTER 5: Large Scale Composition Design of Musica Universalis 24 CHAPTER 6: Hamal 27 CHAPTER 7: Aldeberan 34 CHAPTER 8: Pollux 41 CHAPTER 9: Antares 50 CHAPTER 10: Conclusion and Future Directions 55 BIBLIOGRAPHY 61 MUSIC SCORES 62 MUSIC SCORE of Musica Universalis 63 iii LIST OF EXAMPLES Example Name Example Source Page EXAMPLE 4.1 The Wind in High Places, Opening Gesture 14 EXAMPLE 4.2 “Pollux” from Musica Universalis, m. 133 – 137 15 EXAMPLE 4.3 Breathless, m. 1 – 3 19 EXAMPLE 4.4a Breathless, m. 27 – 30 20 EXAMPLE 4.4b Breathless, m. 104 – 106 20 EXAMPLE 4.4c Breathless, m. 44 – 45 21 EXAMPLE 4.5 Breathless, m. 62 – 64 22 EXAMPLE 4.6 “Aldeberan” from Musica Universalis, m. 58 – 60 22 EXAMPLE 6.1 “Hamal” from Musica Universalis, m. 1 – 8 29 EXAMPLE 6.2 “Pollux,” m. 1 – 8 29 EXAMPLE 6.3a “Hamal," m. 16 – 19 31 EXAMPLE 6.3b “Aldeberan," m. 1 – 2 31 EXAMPLE 6.4a “Antares” from Musica Universalis, m. 11 – 15 33 EXAMPLE 6.4b “Hamal," m. 68 – 71 33 EXAMPLE 7.1 “Aldeberan," m. 5 – 9 36 EXAMPLE 7.2 “Aldeberan," m. 28 – 31 37 EXAMPLE 7.3a “Aldeberan," m. 58 – 60 38 EXAMPLE 7.3b “Aldeberan," m. 41 – 42 38 EXAMPLE 7.4 “Aldeberan," m. 108 – 110 39 EXAMPLE 7.5 “Aldeberan," m. 110 – 114 39 EXAMPLE 7.6 “Aldeberan," m. 122 – 128 40 EXAMPLE 8.1a "Pollux," m. 103 – 105 44 EXAMPLE 8.1b "Pollux," m. 28 44 EXAMPLE 8.1c "Pollux," m. 1 – 5 44 EXAMPLE 8.1d "Pollux," m. 20 – 23 44 EXAMPLE 8.2 "Pollux," m. 14 – 19 45 EXAMPLE 8.3 "Pollux," m. 20 – 30 46 EXAMPLE 8.4 "Pollux," m. 73 – 79 47 EXAMPLE 8.5 "Pollux," m. 125 – 126 47 EXAMPLE 8.6 "Pollux," m. 143 – 147 48 EXAMPLE 9.1 “Antares,” m. 1 51 EXAMPLE 9.2 “Antares," m. 6 – 10 52 EXAMPLE 9.3 “Antares," m. 27 – 29 53 EXAMPLE 9.4 “Antares,” m. 30 – 33 54 1 CHAPTER 1: Introduction Astrology, history, and cultural studies have long been fascinations of mine. I also come from a family deeply interested in multiple facets of spirituality. When my brother and I were born, my parents did more than simply baptize us. Detailed astrological birth charts were made for each of us. While I am not a practitioner, indeed taking a stance more evocative of James Randi’s skepticism, the level of detail attributed to every star and every planet fascinates me. I have pursued graduate degrees for two primary reasons. I have a strong desire to understand the history of the world around me, and learning about cultural trends helps me feel connected to the music I perform. I want to do more than perform music that I enjoy; I want to understand the values that shape a composer’s aesthetics and the societal expectations that influence how she or he views the world. In early 2016, I began thinking about what I wanted my dissertation, the capstone of my studies, to be. Creating a work of music allows me to present a piece of myself. I decided to combine the medieval philosophy Musica Universalis with concepts found in astrology because both concepts are related to the study of stars. Using astrology as a reference also allows me to make a pun out of the name Musica Universalis; the work depicts music of the universe and is part of my catalogue of music written at a university. After figuring out the theme of my dissertation, I decided on my instrumentation. I typically don’t like writing music unless I know it is likely to be performed and tend to write for 2 individuals or small ensembles who have agreed beforehand to play my music. From a practical standpoint, I prefer to write works that are more likely to be performed at conferences. However, writing a dissertation is a completely different project. My works for conferences have tended to be chamber works of less than 10 minutes in duration and with very few instruments. Right after deciding on the theme of my dissertation, I was approached by Ball State’s viola and clarinet professors and asked to write a work for them. This gave me the idea for a unique chamber ensemble. The professors of viola, flute, and harp regularly perform together, with an occasional pianist substituting for harp. I imagined writing a work for this trio and added clarinet and piano to round out the ensemble. After deciding on the instrumentation and theme, I was able to begin planning the large-scale organization of Musica Universalis. I wanted to write a substantial work of considerable length but also create something likely to be performed at conferences. To this end, I resolved to write four movements that could be performed individually as well. The organization of these movements is derived from the four divisions of zodiac signs based on elements. Each of the four movements is inspired by a star from a zodiac sign, with four of the twelve zodiac signs used. Musica Universalis is a chamber work for flute, clarinet, viola, harp, and piano. As a chamber work, it follows a tradition established in Western music as far back as the late renaissance. Chamber music that I have performed requires the performers to regularly rehearse with each other to the point of being intimately familiar with one another. When I think of the dinner parties at which Schubert’s music was heard, I am reminded that, historically,
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