ONTOLOGY DESIGN PATTERNS WITH APPLICATIONS TO SOFTWARE MEASUREMENT A dissertation submitted to Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the The degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Mazen S. Al-Zyoud December 2015 © Copyright All right reserved Except previously published material Dissertation wrote by Mazen S. Al-Zyoud B.S., Al al-Bayt University, Jordan, 2003 M.S., Al al-Bayt University, Jordan, 2009 Ph.D., Kent State University, USA, 2015 Approved by _____ Professor Austin Melton __, Chair, Doctoral Dissertation Committee _____ Professor Johnnie Baker ______ _, Members, Doctoral Dissertation Committee _____ Professor Angela Guercio ______. _____ Professor Alan Brandyberry . Professor Jeffrey A. Ciesla ______. Accepted by _____professor Javed I. Khan____ ___, Chair, Department of Computer Science _____Professor James L. Blank_________, Dean, College of Arts and Sciences ii Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................... III LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................. VII LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................... IX DEDICATION.............................................................................................................................. X ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................................... XI ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................... XII CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 1 1.1 GOALS OF THE RESEARCH .................................................................................................... 1 1.2 CONTRIBUTIONS .................................................................................................................. 2 1.3 PUBLICATION NOTES ........................................................................................................... 3 1.4 ORGANIZATION OF THE DISSERTATION ................................................................................ 3 CHAPTER 2 BACKGROUND MATERIAL ON SEMANTIC WEB AND ONTOLOGY DESIGN PATTERNS ................................................................................................................... 5 2.1 INTRODUCTION ABOUT SEMANTIC WEB ................................................................................ 5 2.2 SOFTWARE DESIGN PATTERNS .............................................................................................. 7 2.2.1 Structure of a design pattern in software engineering ................................................ 9 2.2.2 What are the relationships among these patterns? .................................................... 11 2.3 INTRODUCTION ABOUT ONTOLOGY .................................................................................... 11 2.3.1 Importance of ontology ............................................................................................. 12 2.3.2 Ontology languages .................................................................................................. 13 2.3.3 Classifying ontology ................................................................................................. 14 2.3.4 Methodology for development ontology .................................................................. 15 2.3.5 Competency questions .............................................................................................. 16 2.3.6 The web ontology language ...................................................................................... 17 2.3.7 Protégé ...................................................................................................................... 17 iii 2.4 ONTOLOGY ENGINEERING .................................................................................................. 18 2.4.1 Ontology development process ................................................................................. 18 2.5 ONTOLOGY DESIGN PATTERNS ODPS ................................................................................. 20 2.5.1 Ontology design pattern benefits .............................................................................. 21 2.5.2 Classification of ontology design patterns ................................................................ 21 2.5.3 Types of ontology design patterns for semantic web ................................................ 22 2.5.4 Content ontology design patterns (CPs) ................................................................... 24 2.5.5 Architectural ODPs ................................................................................................... 27 CHAPTER 3 A CONTENT ONTOLOGY DESIGN PATTERNS FOR ONTOLOGY IN ACADEMY/UNIVERSITY DOMAIN ..................................................................................... 28 3.1 INTRODUCTION AND MOTIVATION ...................................................................................... 28 3.1.1 Patterns design .......................................................................................................... 29 3.1.2 Conceptual setting ..................................................................................................... 30 3.1.3 Domain space ............................................................................................................ 30 3.1.4 Summary of terms ..................................................................................................... 31 3.2 STEPS TO SUBMIT A CPS IN ODPS PORTAL ......................................................................... 32 3.3 COURSE CONTENT ONTOLOGY DESIGN PATTERN (COURSE CPS) ........................................ 32 3.3.1 Description of the course CPs ................................................................................... 32 3.4 PROFESSOR CONTENT ONTOLOGY DESIGN PATTERN (PROFESSOR CPS) .............................. 41 3.4.1 Description of the professor CPs .............................................................................. 41 3.5 A RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE FOR CREATING A CPS ........................................................ 50 3.6 A RECOMMENDED GUIDELINE FOR SELECTING AN ONTOLOGY DESIGN PATTERN ................ 54 CHAPTER 4 BACKGROUND MATERIAL ON THE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE AND SOFTWARE MEASUREMENT ............................................................ 58 4.1 INTRODUCTION TO SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (SDLC) ................................... 58 4.2 PHASES OF THE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE .................................................... 59 4.3 BENEFITS OF THE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT LIFECYCLE PROCESS ..................................... 60 4.4 SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE MODELS ............................................................... 60 4.4.1 Agile SDLC model ................................................................................................... 61 iv 4.5 INTRODUCTION TO SOFTWARE MEASUREMENT................................................................... 62 4.5.1 Software metrics ....................................................................................................... 63 4.5.2 Classification of software metrics ............................................................................. 65 4.5.3 Software measurement process ................................................................................. 66 CHAPTER 5 AN ONTOLOGY DESIGN PATTERN FOR ONTOLOGY IN SOFTWARE MEASUREMENT ACTIVITY ................................................................................................. 68 5.1 INTRODUCTION AND MOTIVATION ...................................................................................... 68 5.1.1 Patterns design .......................................................................................................... 69 5.1.2 Conceptual setting ..................................................................................................... 70 5.1.3 Domain space ............................................................................................................ 70 5.1.4 Summary of terms ..................................................................................................... 70 5.2 STEPS TO SUBMIT AN ARCHITECTURAL ODPS IN ODPS PORTAL ........................................ 72 5.3 DESCRIPTION OF THE SKELETON MEASUREMENT PROGRAM ARCHITECTURAL ONTOLOGY DESIGN PATTERNS ...................................................................................................................... 72 5.3.1 Case study to use the architectural ontology design pattern ..................................... 81 CHAPTER 6 TOWARD A CORE ONTOLOGY FOR SOFTWARE MEASUREMENTS PLAN ............................................................................................................................................ 84 6.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 84 6.2 SOFTWARE QUALITY METRICS ............................................................................................ 85 6.2.1 The benefit of quality metrics ................................................................................... 86 6.2.2 Standard