state state of world population 2015 state of world population 2015 SHELTER FROM THE STORM: SHELTER A TRANSFORMATIVE AGENDA FOR WOMEN AND AGENDA GIRLS IN A A TRANSFORMATIVE CRISIS-PRONE WORLD Delivering a world where every pregnancy is wanted every childbirth is safe and every young person's potential is fulfilled United Nations Population Fund SHELTER 605 Third Avenue New York, NY 10158 Tel. +1 212 297 5000 FROM THE www.unfpa.org ISBN 978-0-89714-987-7 STORM A transformative agenda for women and girls in a crisis-prone world Sales No.E.15.III.H.1 E/7,025/2015 Printed on recycled paper. The State of World Population 2015 HUMANITARIAN GLOSSARY SENIOR RESEARCHER EDITORIAL TEAM Therese McGinn Editor: Richard Kollodge Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman Editorial associate and digital edition manager: Katheline Ruiz COMPLEX EMERGENCY HUMANITARIAN ACTION NATURAL DISASTER School of Public Health, Columbia University Digital developer: Hanno Ranck A multifaceted humanitarian crisis in a Humanitarian action provides life- A large-scale event where life and/ RESEARCHERS AND AUTHORS Publication and web interactive design and production: country, region or society where there saving services and facilitates the or property is destroyed. For an event Jacqueline Bhabha Prographics, Inc. is a total or considerable breakdown return to normalcy for people and to be recorded as a disaster in the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; François-Xavier Bagnoud of authority resulting from internal or communities affected by natural and internationally recognized Centre Center for Health and Human Rights, Harvard University; Harvard ACKNOWLEDGMENTS external conflict and which requires a human-made disasters. It also seeks for Research on the Epidemiology of Law School Mengjia Liang, Edilberto Loaiza and Rachel Snow in the UNFPA multi-sectoral, international response to lessen the destructive impact of Disasters database, at least one of the Richard Garfield Population and Development Branch analysed and aggregated Emergency Response and Recovery Branch, United States Centers data in the indicators section of the report and provided estimated that goes beyond the mandate or disasters and complex emergencies. following criteria must be met: for Disease Control and Prevention; numbers of pregnant women in countries affected by conflict or capacity of any single agency and/or • Ten or more people reported killed. Columbia and Emory Universities natural disaster. the ongoing United Nations country • One hundred or more people reported Kirsten Johnson, M.D. Source data for the report’s indicators section were provided by the programme. Such emergencies have, HUMANITARIAN CRISIS affected. Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Population Division of the United Nations Department of Economic in particular, a devastating effect on An event or series of events that • A declaration of a state of emergency. Montreal Canada; Humanitarian U and Social Affairs, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and children and women, and call for a represents a critical threat to the • A call for international assistance. Cultural Organization and the World Health Organization. complex range of responses. Gretchen Luchsinger health, safety, security or well-being Ramiz Alakbarov, Björn Andersson and Arthur Erken at UNFPA Lisa Oddy Natural disasters include droughts, reviewed drafts and helped shape the report. of a community or other large group Humanitarian U of people, usually over a wide area. earthquakes, epidemics, extreme heat Colleagues from UNFPA offices in Amman, Bangkok, Bogota, Cairo, DIRECT AND INDIRECT Monica Adhiambo Onyango Armed conflicts, epidemics, famine, or cold, floods, storms, tsunamis, Dakar, Istanbul, Johannesburg, Kathmandu, Monrovia, Panama Boston University School of Public Health, EFFECT volcanic eruptions and wildfires. City and Skopje supported or guided the development of feature natural disasters and other major Department of Global Health A direct effect is a death or other stories and photographs included in the report: Ghifar Al Alem, emergencies may all involve or lead to outcome which occurred directly and Sarah Shteir and Louise Searle Tamara Alrifai, Daniel Baker, Mile Bosnjakovski, Santosh Chhetri, a humanitarian crisis. Humanitarian Advisory Group Jens-Hagen Eschenbaecher, Adebayo Fayoyin, Gema Granados, primarily because of a catastrophic PEOPLE AFFECTED BY Habibatou M. Gologo, Calixte Hessou, Ruba Hikmat, Jorge Parra, event. An indirect effect is a death or CONFLICT OR DISASTER RESEARCH SUPPORT Elina Rivera, Shible Sahbani, Alvaro Serrano, Sonja Tanevska, Giulia other outcome which occurred as an Individuals requiring immediate Amiya Bhatia Vallese and Roy Wadia. HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE eventual, but not immediate, result of assistance during a period of Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Anna Maltby wrote the feature about the Ebola crisis in Liberia. a single destructive act. Often these Material and logistical assistance to emergency, i.e., requiring basic Chantilly Wijayasinha Assignment photographers and videographers: outcomes can be identified only on a people due to needs created by conflict survival needs such as food, water, Boston University School of Public Health, Nake Batev (Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia) or disaster, and provided on the basis Department of Global Health population basis, where direct effects shelter, sanitation and immediate Daniel Baldotto (Colombia) can be specified to the individual. For of an appeal by the government or medical assistance as the result of Mélanie Coutu Abbas Dulleh, AP Images (Liberia) example, if the mortality rate rises after international organizations. the emergency. Humanitarian Studies Initiative, McGill University Salah Malkawi (Jordan) an event and there is no other cause UNFPA ADVISORY TEAM MAPS AND DESIGNATIONS identified, these additional deaths Prudence Chaiban Howard Friedman The designations employed and the presentation of material in are considered the indirect effect INTERNALLY DISPLACED REFUGEE Henia Dakkak Ann Leoncavallo maps in this report do not imply the expression of any opinion of the event. PERSONS A person who, owing to a well-founded Ugochi Daniels Jacqueline Mahon whatsoever on the part of UNFPA concerning the legal status of Individuals who have been forced or Abubakar Dungus Rachel Snow any country, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning fear of being persecuted for reasons of obliged to flee or to leave their homes Danielle Engel the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. A dotted line race, religion, nationality, membership HUMAN RIGHTS or places of habitual residence, in approximately represents the Line of Control in Jammu and of a particular social group or political Kashmir agreed upon by India and Pakistan. The final status of particular as a result of, or in order to All human rights derive from the opinion, is outside the country of his Jammu and Kashmir has not been agreed upon by the parties. avoid, the effects of armed conflict, dignity and worth inherent in the or her nationality, and is unable to, or situations of generalized violence, Cover photo: © UNFPA/Nake Batev human person. The concept of human owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail violations of human rights or natural rights acknowledges that every single himself or herself of the protection of or human-made disasters, and who human being is entitled to enjoy his or that country. have not crossed an internationally her human rights without distinction recognized State border. UNFPA as to race, colour, sex, language, Delivering a world where religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, every pregnancy is wanted birth or other status. every childbirth is safe and every young person’s potential is fulfilled ©The United Nations Population Fund, 2015 state of world population 2015 SHELTER FROM THE STORM A transformative agenda for women and girls in a crisis-prone world Foreword page 2 Overview page 4 1 A fragile world page 12 2 The disproportionate toll on women and adolescent girls page 36 3 Evolving response: from basic to comprehensive page 56 4 Resilience and bridging the humanitarian-development divide page 74 5 New directions in financing sexual and reproductive health in humanitarian settings page 90 6 A transformative vision for risk reduction, response and resilience page 102 Indicators page 115 Bibliography page 131 Photo © Panos Pictures/Brian Sokol Foreword More than 100 million people are in need of humanitarian assistance—more than at any time since the end of the Second World War. Among those displaced by conflict or uprooted by disaster are tens of millions of women and adolescent girls. This report is a call to action to meet their needs and ensure their rights. hile remarkable progress has been and every situation. Yet for too many years, achieved during the past decade humanitarian assistance has left the 10-year-old Wprotecting the health and rights girl behind, vulnerable to unsafe childbirth, of women and adolescent girls in humanitar- and violence with devastating consequences. ian settings, the growth in need has outstripped Sexual and reproductive health and access to the growth in funding and services. Yet, these information are essential for any girl’s safe tran- services are of critical importance, especially for sition from adolescence to adulthood. Imagine very young adolescent girls, who are the most that 10-year-old 15 years