Applicant’s Environmental Report - Operating License Renewal Stage Nine Mile Point Nuclear Station Docket Nos. 50-220 and 50-410 License Nos. DPR-63 and NPF-69 May 2004 NINE MILE POINT NUCLEAR STATION LICENSE RENEWAL APPLICATION ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 PURPOSE OF AND NEED FOR ACTION ........................................................ 1-1 1.1 Introduction and Background............................................................................. 1-1 1.2 Statement of Purpose and Need ....................................................................... 1-2 1.3 Environmental Scope and Methodology ............................................................ 1-3 1.4 Nine Mile Point Units 1 & 2 Licensee and Ownership........................................ 1-6 1.5 References ........................................................................................................ 1-7 2.0 SITE AND ENVIRONMENTAL INTERFACES.................................................. 2-1 2.1 Location and Features....................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Hydrology .......................................................................................................... 2-7 2.2.1 Lake Ontario Hydrology ...................................................................... 2-7 2.2.2 Groundwater Aquifers and Use........................................................... 2-9 2.3 Biological Resources ....................................................................................... 2-12 2.3.1 Aquatic Communities........................................................................ 2-12 2.3.1.1 Site Description.............................................................. 2-12 2.3.1.2 Water Quality ................................................................. 2-12 2.3.1.3 Planktonic Community ................................................... 2-14 2.3.1.4 Benthic Community........................................................ 2-15 2.3.1.5 Fish Community ............................................................. 2-15 2.3.2 Critical and Important Terrestrial Habitats ........................................ 2-17 2.3.3 Threatened and Endangered Species .............................................. 2-20 2.3.3.1 Flora............................................................................... 2-20 2.3.3.2 Fauna............................................................................. 2-22 2.4 Meteorology and Air Quality ............................................................................ 2-26 2.5 Demography.................................................................................................... 2-27 2.5.1 General Demography ....................................................................... 2-27 2.5.2 Minority and Low-Income Populations .............................................. 2-31 2.5.2.1 Minority Populations....................................................... 2-31 2.5.2.2 Low-Income Populations................................................ 2-34 2.6 Area Economic Base ....................................................................................... 2-44 2.7 Taxes............................................................................................................... 2-47 2.8 Social Services and Public Facilities ............................................................... 2-51 2.8.1 Public Water Supply ......................................................................... 2-51 2.8.2 Transportation................................................................................... 2-53 2.9 Land Use Planning .......................................................................................... 2-56 2.10 Cultural Resources .......................................................................................... 2-58 2.11 References ...................................................................................................... 2-60 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT Page i NINE MILE POINT NUCLEAR STATION LICENSE RENEWAL APPLICATION ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) 3.0 THE PROPOSED ACTION ............................................................................... 3-1 3.1 General Plant Information.................................................................................. 3-1 3.1.1 Reactor and Containment Systems .................................................... 3-2 3.1.2 Nuclear Fuel ....................................................................................... 3-3 3.1.3 Cooling and Auxiliary Water Systems................................................. 3-4 3.1.3.1 Water Use Overview ........................................................ 3-4 3.1.3.2 Cooling Water Systems.................................................... 3-5 3.1.3.3 Municipal Water Supply ................................................... 3-8 3.1.3.4 Sanitary Drains and Disposal System .............................. 3-9 3.1.3.5 Groundwater Use............................................................. 3-9 3.1.4 Power Transmission Systems........................................................... 3-10 3.2 Refurbishment Activities .................................................................................. 3-16 3.3 Programs and Activities for Managing the Effects of Aging ............................. 3-17 3.4 Employment..................................................................................................... 3-18 3.4.1 Current Workforce ............................................................................ 3-18 3.4.2 License Renewal Increment ............................................................. 3-18 3.5 References ...................................................................................................... 3-20 4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE PROPOSED ACTION AND MITIGATING ACTIONS............................................................................ 4-1 4.1 Introduction........................................................................................................ 4-1 4.1.1 Category 1 License Renewal Issues................................................... 4-2 4.1.2 Category 2 License Renewal Issues................................................... 4-3 4.1.3 “NA” License Renewal Issues............................................................. 4-4 4.2 Entrainment of Fish and Shellfish in Early Life Stages ...................................... 4-5 4.3 Impingement of Fish and Shellfish..................................................................... 4-9 4.4 Heat Shock...................................................................................................... 4-18 4.5 Groundwater Use Conflicts (Plants Using More Than 100 gpm of Groundwater)................................................................................................... 4-21 4.6 Impacts of Refurbishment on Terrestrial Resources........................................ 4-22 4.7 Threatened and Endangered Species ............................................................. 4-23 4.8 Air Quality During Refurbishment (Nonattainment Areas) ............................... 4-25 4.9 Electromagnetic Field-Acute Effects................................................................ 4-26 4.10 Housing Impacts.............................................................................................. 4-29 4.11 Public Utilities: Public Water Supply Availability ............................................. 4-31 4.12 Education Impacts from Refurbishment........................................................... 4-32 4.13 Offsite Land Use.............................................................................................. 4-33 4.13.1 Refurbishment .................................................................................. 4-33 4.13.2 Offsite Land Use: License Renewal Term ....................................... 4-33 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT Page ii NINE MILE POINT NUCLEAR STATION LICENSE RENEWAL APPLICATION ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) 4.14 Transportation ................................................................................................. 4-36 4.15 Historic and Archaeological Resources ........................................................... 4-38 4.16 Severe Accident Mitigation Alternatives .......................................................... 4-39 4.16.1 Methodology Overview ..................................................................... 4-40 4.16.2 Establishing the Base Case.............................................................. 4-42 4.16.2.1 Offsite Exposure Costs .................................................. 4-43 4.16.2.2 Offsite Economic Costs.................................................. 4-44 4.16.2.3 Onsite Exposure Costs .................................................. 4-44 4.16.2.4 Onsite Economic Costs.................................................. 4-46 4.16.2.5 Maximum Attainable Benefit .......................................... 4-48 4.16.3 SAMA Identification .......................................................................... 4-48 4.16.4 Cost-Benefit Analyses ...................................................................... 4-50 4.16.5 Results.............................................................................................. 4-51 4.16.5.1 Unit 1.............................................................................. 4-52 4.16.5.2