III ., ' BaselineJ Studies of Biodiversity: The'Fish=Resources of We'stern Indonesia III Edited by D. Pauly and P. Martosubroto III 'S . .I ..-. .. ~ .. ," dI II ... .<i> II~~lL~~M ~ ~ Directorate General German Agency International Center for Living Aquatic of Fisheries, Indonesia for Technical Cooperation' Resources Management Q II ~~iiI .. II "", Baseline Studies of Biodiversity: ~hd~ishResources of Western Indonesia Edited by D. Pawly a* P. Martosu broto DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF FISHERIES Jakarta, lndonesia GERMAN AGENCY FOR TECHNICAL COOPERATION Eschborn, Germany INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR LIVING AQUATIC RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Manila, Philippines NOV 0 8 1996 Baseline Studies of Biodiversity: The Fish Resources of Western Indonesia Edited by D. PAULY and P. MARTOSUBROTO Printed in Manila, Philippines Published by the International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, MCPO Box 2631, 071 8 Makati City, Philippines with financial assistance from the German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ) Pauly, D. and P. Martosubroto, Editors. 1996. Baseline studies of biodiversity: the fish resources of Western Indonesia. ICLARM Stud. Rev. 23, 321 p. Cover design by Robbie Cada, Alan Esquillon and D. Pauly ISSN 01 15-4389 ISBN 971-8709-48-7 ICLARM Contribution No. 1309 Preface D. Pauly and P. Martosubroto ................................................................................................ vii Forewords DGF Foreword Rear Admiral F.X. Murdjijo .............................................................................. ix GTZ Foreword Dr. Martin Bilio ............................................................................................... x ICLARM Foreword Dr. Meryl J. Williams ................................................................................. xii Physical historical and conceptual background of the Western lndonesian fish resources surveys (1974-1 981) Biodiversity and the retrospective analysis of demersal trawl surveys: a programmatic approach D. Pauly ...................................................................................... 1 Oceanography of the Indonesian Archipelago and adjacent areas G.D. Sharp ..................... 7 Variability of sea surface features in the Western lndonesian Archipelago: inferences from the COADS dataset C. Roy ...................................................................... 15 The marine fisheries of the Western Archipelago: towards an economic history, 1850 to the 1960s J. Butcher .......................................................................................... 24 Fish communities surveyed by RNMutiara 4 The mid-1970s demersal resources in the lndonesian side of the Malacca Strait P. Martosubroto, T. Sujastani and D. Pauly ............................................................. 40 The Mutiara 4 surveys in the Java and southern South China Seas, November 1974 to July 1976 D. Pauly, P. Martosubroto and J. Saeger ............................................... 47 Demersal assemblages of the Java Sea: a study based on the trawl surveys of the R/V Mutiara 4 G. Bianchi, M. Badrudin and S. Budihardjo ........................................ 55 Structure and dynamics of the demersal resources of the Java Sea, 1975-1979 P. Martosubroto ............................................................................................................... 62 Fish communities surveyed by RNJurong Narrative and major results of the Indonesian-German Module (11) of the JETINDOFISH Project, August 1979 to July 1981 U. Lohmeyer ......................................... 77 Marine bottomfish communities from the Indian Ocean coast of Bali to mid-Sumatra J. McManus ............................................................................................... 91 Fish communities surveyed by RNLemuru, RNDr. Fridtjof Nansen and RNBawal Putih 2 Results of surveys for pelagic resources in lndonesian waters with the R/V Lemuru, December 1972 to May 1976 S.C. Venema ...................................................102 Box 3. Development and fleet structure of the Java Sea pelagic fisheries (1980-1 992) J. Widodo, M. Potier and B. Sadhotomo .................................................. 120 Box 4. Catches, effort and catch per effort of the Java Sea pelagic fishery (1979-1 992) J. Widodo, M. Potier and B. Sadhotomo .................................................. 121 "Including authored "boxes" in formal chapters. Demersal fish assemblages of trawlable grounds off northwest Sumatra G. Bianchi ..... ........ ... .. .. .......... .. ............... .. .. 123 Narrative and major results of the Indonesian Module (I) of the JETINDOFISH Project, November 1980 to October 1981 P. Martosubroto ................................................. 131 Box 1. Small-scale Fisheries Development Project in Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat, lndonesia R. Hermes ............................................................... 133 Regional syntheses Fishery biology of 40 trawl-caught teleosts of Western lndonesia D. Pauly, A. Cabanban and F.S. 9. Torres, Jr. ....................................................................................... 135 Box 1. Estimating the parameters of length-weight relationships from length-frequency samples and their weights D. Pauly and F.C. Gayanilo, Jr. ........ 136 Box 2. The Bali Strait lemuru fishery A. Ghofar and C.P. Mathews............. .................... I46 Box 3. Reasons for studying the Leiognathidae D. Pauly .............................................. 177 Box 4. A case study of Nemipterus thosaporni a.k.a. N. mar inatus D. Pauly ................ 199 Checklist of marine fishes of Indonesia, compiled from published hterature? R. Froese, S.M. Luna and E.C. Capuli ...... .................... .. 21 7 Box 1. Nomenclatural changes in Trawled fishes of Southern lndonesia and Northwestern Australia R. Froese ................................ ........ .. .. ..... .... ... .. ....... 21 8 Box 2. A computerized procedure for identifying misspellings and synonyms in checklists of fishes R. Froese ................................................................................ 21 9 Using NAN-SIS and FiSAT to create a trawl survey database for Western Indonesia F.S.9. Torres, Jr., A. Cabanban, S. L. Bienvenida, J. W. McManus, M. Prein and D. Pauly ................................................................................... 276 Box 1. JETINDOFISH data processing problem B.G. Thompson ................................... 277 Box 2. Importing files to NAN-SIS T. St$mme ................................................................280 Appendix I. FishBase references cited in Pauly et al. (p. 135-216) and Froese et al. (p. 21 7-275), by number ............................................................................................................................ 284 Appendix II. AuthorIName Index ......................................................................................................................297 Geographic lndex ........................................................................................................................303 Species lndex ..............................................................................................................................306 This book is long overdue: the trawl and acoustic surveys documented here have been conducted some 20 years ago, and several of the fish communities described in the various chapters of this book have been, in the meantime, fished strongly enough to be barely recognizable. However, no major surveys have been conducted in Western lndonesia since the period covered here (1975-1 981). During that period, a convergence of interest had led to a flurry of bilateral and international fisheries development projects along the Indian Ocean coast of Indonesia, in the Java Sea and adjacent waters, funded by German (GTZ) a, Australian (AIDAB) and Norwegian (NORAD) aid agencies, and by FA0 d. Twenty years ago (May 1975) is also when the two editors of this book first met; we had both just acquired our MS degrees, and were eager to apply what we had learnt. We became friends, despite our vastly different cultural backgrounds, perhaps aided therein by a car accident that occurred at Pemanukan along the coast of West Java, and which could easily have killed us both. Although soon separated, and working in very different institutions, we both felt that the surveys we had jointly worked on, and the surveys done shortly thereafter should have been better documented than through internal reports and theses. One of us used the opportunity provided by a book review to criticize this state of affairse; the other pushed from within the Directorate General of Fisheries (DGF, Jakarta). The result of our joint effort was an official request sent by DGF to GTZ to support the production of a book in which the surveys would be documented and analyzed, and which would complement the excellent volume published jointly by GTZ, DGF and AIDAB documenting the taxonomy of the demersal fishes of Western Indonesiaf. GTZ agreed, and ICLARM was invited to submit a proposal, accepted in 1991, for a project that would lead to the publication of a book that would not only complement the previous volume on the Trawled fishes of Southern lndonesia and Western Australia, but also be made to resemble it. This explains the choice of the format and fonts used here, which differ from those of other items in ICLARM's Studies and Reviews Series. The book is thus the result of a long chain of events.