IATH Best Practices Guide to Digital Panoramic Photography EDIT E D BY SARAH WE LL S , BARRY GRO ss , MICHA E L GRO ss , AND BE RNARD FRI S CH E R ii IATH Best Practices Guide to Digital Panoramic Photography EDITOR S : Sarah Wells Barry Gross Michael Gross Bernard Frischer CONTRIBUTOR S : Brian Donovan Barry Gross Michael Gross Eugene Johnson Worthy Martin Lisa Reilly Will Rourke Ken Stuart Michael Tuite Tom Watson Madelyn Wessel THANK S TO : Daniel Pitti Rick Mandelkorn Gretchen Wagner © 2007 by The Board of Visitors of the University of Virginia. All rights reserved. Cover photo by Barry and Michal Gross. Cover art by Karey Helms/IATH. Photo pg. i by Brian Donovan. ii Table of Contents 1. OV E RVI ew AND OBJ E CTIV es .................................................................6 1.1. WHO IS THI S G UID E F OR ? ............................................................................ 6 1.2. INTRODUCTION AND E XA M PL es ...................................................................... 7 1.3. BRI ef HI S TORY AND U se O F PANORA M IC PHOTO G RAPHY ...................................... 8 1.4. BA S IC DI G ITAL PANORA M IC PHOTO G RAPHY me THOD S ........................................ 13 1.5. HO W TO U se THI S G UID E ........................................................................... 14 2. PR E -PRODUCTION ..........................................................................17 2.1. ES TABLI S HIN G PROJ E CT G OAL S ..................................................................... 17 2.2. CHOO S IN G TH E S IT E ................................................................................. 18 2.3. CHOO S IN G S IT E NOD es ............................................................................. 18 2.4. ENVIRON me NTAL CON S ID E RATION S /S CH E DULIN G TH E S HOOT ............................... 21 2.5. EQUIP me NT ............................................................................................ 22 2.6. TRAV E L PR E PARATION S ............................................................................... 35 2.7. LOCAL S IT E LIAI S ON (MR. FIX-IT/FIX E R ) ......................................................... 41 2.8. SIT E ACC ess AND R es OURC es ....................................................................... 43 2.9. BUD ge T ................................................................................................ 46 3. COPYRI G HT AND PE R M I ss ION S ............................................................50 3.1. COPYRI G HT ............................................................................................ 51 3.2. FAIR Use AND DE MINIMIS Use ................................................................. 53 3.3. CONTRACT V E R S U S COPYRI G HT ................................................................... 53 3.4. PE R M I ss ION S AND RE L E A ses ........................................................................ 54 3.5. PE R M IT S AND IN S URANC E ........................................................................... 55 3.7. INT E RNATIONAL COPYRI G HT ....................................................................... 57 3.8. ADDITIONAL Res OURC es AND Refe R E NC es .................................................... 58 4. PANORA M A CR E ATION (PART 1): ME THOD S AND TE CHNIQU es F OR CAPTURIN G IM A ges .......................................................................60 4.1. INTRODUCTION TO TYP es O F DI G ITAL PANORA M A PHOTO G RAPHY AND S TRUCTUR es .. 60 4.2. INTRODUCTION TO PHOTO G RAPHY AND DIGITIZATION ...................................... 61 4.3. SE L E CTIN G I M A ge F IL E F OR M AT S .................................................................. 61 4.4. US IN G I M A ge CAPTURIN G S Y S T ems AND L E N ses ............................................... 63 4.5. PANORA M IC TRIPOD H E AD S ........................................................................ 70 4.6. PHOTO G RAPHIC W ORK F LO W ...................................................................... 71 iii 5. ADDITIONAL RE LAT E D ME DIA .............................................................77 5.1. OBJ E CT /INV E R se PANORA M A S ...................................................................... 77 5.2. AUDIO ................................................................................................. 79 5.3. VID E O PANORA M A (M OVIN G I M A ge ) ............................................................. 80 5.4. Ass OCIAT E D HARD W AR E AND S O F T W AR E ....................................................... 82 6. PANORA M A CR E ATION (PART 2): STITCHIN G AND RE ND E RIN G ..................84 6.1. INTRODUCTION TO TH E S TITCHIN G AND R E ND E RIN G PROC ess .............................. 84 6.2. PR E PARIN G RA W DATA ............................................................................... 84 6.3. SO F T W AR E .............................................................................................. 85 6.4. COLOR M ANA geme NT ON TH E CO M PUT E R ...................................................... 88 6.5. HDR AND M ULTIPL E E XPO S UR E CO M PO S ITIN G ............................................... 88 6.6. STITCHIN G TH E PANORA M A ......................................................................... 88 6.7. BATCH PROC ess IN G , S CRIPT S ....................................................................... 89 6.8. RE ND E RIN G TH E PANORA M A ....................................................................... 90 6.9. HOT S POT S , (HYP E R )LINK S , AND E X E CUTABL E S CRIPT S ........................................ 92 6.10. EM B E DDIN G AUTHOR IN F OR M ATION , W AT E R M ARK S , S PRIT E TRACK S , AND COPYRI G HT ............................................................................................. 92 6.11. CONV E RTIN G HI S TORICAL I M A ges ............................................................... 93 7. STANDARD S F OR DATA DOCU me NTATION .............................................96 7.1. INTRODUCIN G S TANDARD S F OR DATA DOCU me NTATION .................................... 96 7.2. DO M AIN S P E CI F IC DATA DOCU me NTATION S TANDARD S ...................................... 97 7.3. INTRODUCTION TO me TADATA .................................................................... 97 7.4. CONTROLL E D VOCABULARY ....................................................................... 98 7.5. Res OURC E DI S COV E RY me TADATA ................................................................. 98 7.6. TE R M INOLO G Y R es OURC es AND CLA ss I F ICATION S CH emes ................................... 99 7.7. PHY S ICAL ge O -R efe R E NCIN G ....................................................................... 99 8. Res OURC E DE LIV E RY AND Use R Iss U es ...............................................101 8.1. OV E RVI ew O F R es OURC E D E LIV E RY I ss U es AND U se R INT E R F AC E (VR TOUR S ) ....... 101 8.2. VIewING PLAT F OR M ................................................................................ 101 8.3. PR ese NTATION : S O F T W AR E AND VIewING OPTION S ......................................... 102 8.4. ALIA S IN G , M OIRÉ PATT E RN S , AND OTH E R VIewING PIT F ALL S AND S OLUTION S ........ 104 8.5. INCORPORATIN G ADDITIONAL me DIA ........................................................... 106 8.6. VIRTUAL TOUR S ..................................................................................... 107 8.7. APPLYIN G PANORA M A S ............................................................................ 109 iv 8.8. TRACK S YNCHRONIZATION ....................................................................... 110 8.9. CONTROLLIN G ACC ess ............................................................................ 110 9. Use ...........................................................................................114 9.1. Use O F PANORA M A S AND VR IN TH E L E CTUR E /CLA ss ROO M /LAB /HO me ................ 114 9.2. SCHOLARLY U se .................................................................................... 115 9.3. PRACTICAL U se F OR E N G IN ee R S AND ARCHIT E CT S ............................................ 117 9.4. INT E RN E T ............................................................................................. 118 9.5. PUBLICATION S ....................................................................................... 118 9.6. HAND -H E LD D E VIC E AT S IT E /LAND S CAP es ...................................................... 119 9.7. HI S TORICAL AND H E RITA ge S IT E PR ese RVATION AND R es TORATION ..................... 119 10. STORA ge AND PR ese RVATION .........................................................121 10.1. LON G -T E R M PHY S ICAL S TORA ge .............................................................. 122 10.2. DIGITAL PR ese RVATION S TRAT eg I es .......................................................... 122 10.3. TH E G LOBAL DI G ITAL PR ese RVATION AR E NA ................................................ 123 11. CONCLU S ION .............................................................................125 APP E NDIX 1. AUTHOR CONTACT IN F OR M ATION ........................................127 APP E NDIX 2. IM A ge CAPTUR E W ORK F LO W ...............................................129 APP E NDIX 3. IM A ge PR E -PROC ess IN G , STITCHIN G , AND RE ND E RIN G WORK F LO W .....................................................................130 APP E NDIX