VOLUME 4 NASA STATION LOCATIONS SECOND EDITION COP NOVEMBER 1971 GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER GREENBELT. MARYLAND NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION NASA DIRECTORY OF OBSERVATION STATION LOCATIONS Volume 1 EDGE INDEX Station Index TABULATIONS OF STATION COORDINATES Positions on Local or Major Datums Positions on Modified Mercury Datum 1968 Positions on Mercury Datum 1960 Positions on Apollo Reference System GEODETIC DATA SHEETS Unified S-Band Antennas , Radars Launch Sites Goddard Range and Range-Rate Stations 85-foot Antennas 40-foot Antennas Mini track Stations SATAN Antennas Deep Space Network Radio Telescopes NASA DIRECTORY OF OBSERVATION STATION LOCATIONS VOLUME 1 Second Edition November 1971 Prepared by Computer Sciences Corporation Geonautics Department 6565 Arlington Boulevard Falls Church, Virginia 22042 for Metric Data Branch Network Computing and Analysis Division Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland eleased by: Barsky ead, MetriA^Data Branch NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION ABSTRACT This directory documents geodetic information for NASA tracking stations and observation stations in the NASA Geodetic Satellites Program. A Geodetic Data Sheet is provided for each station, giving the position of the station and describing briefly how it was established. Geodetic positions and geocentric coordinates of these stations are tabulated on local or major geodetic datums, and on selected world geodetic systems when avail- able information permits. The directory consists of two volumes. Volume I covers the principal tracking facilities used by NASA, including the NASA Network Facilities, the Deep Space Network, and several large radio telescopes. Positions of these facilities are tabulated on their local or national datums, the Mercury Datum I960, the Modified Mercury Datum 1968, and the Apollo Reference System. Volume II contains observation stations in the NASA Geodetic Satellites Program and includes stations participating in the National Geodetic Satellite Program. Station positions of these facilities are given on local or preferred major datums, and on the Modified Mercury Datum 1968. Background and reference material for the directory is contained in Volume I. This includes discussions of requirements for geodetic surveys; a review of geodetic concepts, survey methods, and accuracies; descriptions of the major geodetic datums and the status of the developing world geodetic systems; and formulas and constants. 111 NOTE Comments on or requests for this directory should be addressed to: . NASA Directory Attn: D. Ketterer Metric Data Branch Code 832.2 Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 IV CONTENTS VOLUME 1 Page Abstract iii Table of Contents v List of Illustrations viii List of Tables , ix Preface xi INTRODUCTION 3 PART A - BACKGROUND AND REFERENCE MATERIAL 1. SOME ELEMENTS OF GEODESY 9 1.1 Introduction 9 1.2 Reference Surfaces 9 1.3 Geodetic Surveys 11 1.4 Geodetic Datums 16 1.5 Datum Establishment 17 1.6 Datum Connections 19 2. GEODETIC ACCURACIES 21 2. 1 Introduction 21 2.2 Horizontal Surveys 21 2. 3 Vertical Surveys 24 2.4 Astronomic Observations 26 2.5 World Systems 27 3. DEVELOPMENT OF THE MAJOR GEODETIC DATUMS 29 3. 1 Introduction 29 3.2 North American Datum of 1927 32 3. 3 European Datum 34 3.4 Indian Datum 36 3.5 Tokyo Datum 38 3.6 Australian Geodetic Datum 39 3. 7 South American Datum 41 3.8 Arc Datum 43 3.9 Pulkovo Datum 1942 43 3.10 British Datum 45 3.11 World Geodetic Systems 46 4. GEODETIC FORMULAS AND CONSTANTS 53 4. 1 Formulas 53 4.2 Constants of Various Datums 56 4.3 Transformation Constants for Mercury Datum I960 58 4.4 Transformation Constants for Modified Mercury 59 Datum 1968 CONTENTS Page 5. CRITERIA FOR STATION POSITIONING 61 5. 1 Introduction 61 5.2 Survey Procedures 62 5. 3 Documentation of Surveys 65 GLOSSARY OF GEODETIC TERMS 67 REFERENCES 73 PART B - NASA SATELLITE TRACKING STATIONS 6. DESCRIPTION OF NASA TRACKING FACILITIES 77 6. 1 Introduction 77 6.2 Unified S-Band. Antennas 77 6.3 C-Band Radars 82 6.4 Goddard Range and Range-Rate Antennas 84 6.5 85-Foot Data Acquisition Antennas 85 6. 6 40-Foot Data Acquisition Antennas 87 6. 7 Minitrack Facilities • 87 6.8 Deep.Space Network 88 6.9 Radio Telescopes 91 STATION INDEX 95 TABULATIONS OF STATION COORDINATES Positions on Local or Major Datums 103 Positions on Modified Mercury Datum 1968 113 Positions on Mercury Datum I960 123 Positions on Apollo Reference System 133 EXPLANATORY NOTES FOR THE GEODETIC DATA SHEET 139 GEODETIC DATA SHEETS FOR TRACKING STATIONS (See Edge Index) USB Antennas Radars ; . Launch Sites Goddard Range and Range Rate Antennas Data Acquisition Antennas Minitrack SATAN Antennas Deep Space Network Radio Telescopes VI CONTENTS i 'Volume 2 Page PART C - GEODETIC SATELLITES OBSERVATION STATIONS 7. THE NASA GEODETIC SATELLITES PROGRAM 7. 1 General 3 7.2 Description of Observation Networks 5 7.3 Instrumentation 15 STATION INDEX 29 TABULATIONS OF STATION COORDINATES Positions on Local or Major Datums . 41 Positions on Modified Mercury Datum 1968 61 EXPLANATORY NOTES FOR THE GEODETIC DATA SHEET 83 GEODETIC DATA SHEETS FOR OBSERVATION STATIONS (See Edge Index) MOTS 40 Cameras (1000 Series) Goddard Range and Range Rate System (1100 Series) Doppler Tracking Stations (2000 Series) PC-1000 Camera Stations (3000 Series) C-Band Radar and Optical Calibration Stations (4000 Series) SECOR Stations (5000 Series) BC-4 Camera Stations (6000 Series) Special Optical Network (7000 Series) International Camera Stations (8000 Series) Smithsonian Optical Network (9000 Series) VII ILLUSTRATIONS VOLUME I Page Figure 1 Major Geodetic Datum Blocks 31 Figure 2 Relationship of Geodetic Surfaces 71 Figure 3A NASA Satellite Tracking Sites 78 Figure 3B NASA Satellite Tracking Sites 79 Figure 4 Deep Space Network 80 Figure 5 Unified S-band 85-Foot Antenna 81 Figure 6 Unified S-band 30-Foot Antenna 82 Figure 7 FPQ-6 and FPS-16 C-band Radars 83 Figure 8 Goddard Range and Range Rate Facility (GRR-1) 84 Figure 9 Goddard Range and Range Rate Facility (GRR-2) 85 Figure 10 85-Foot Data Acquisition Antenna 86 Figure 11 40-Foot Data Acquisition Antenna 87 Figure 12 Minitrack Antenna 88 Figure 13 DSN 85-Foot HA-Dec Antenna 89 Figure 14 DSN 210-Foot Antenna 90 VOLUME II Figure 1 Minitrack, MOTS, and Goddard R&RR Stations 6 Figure 2 Doppler Tracking Stations 7 Figure 3 PC-1000 Camera Stations 9 Figure 4 C-Band Radar Calibration Stations 10 Figure 5 Secpr Stations 11 Figure 6 BC-4 Camera Stations 13 Figure 7 NASA Special Optical Network 14 Figure 8 International Stations 16 Figure 9 SAO Optical & Laser Stations 17 Figure 10 Doppler Mobile Van 18 Figure 11 Doppler Geoceiver 18 Figure 12 SEC OR Station 19 Figure 13 Baker-Nunn Camera 20 Figure 14 BC-4 Camera 22 Figure 15 MOTS 40 Camera . 24 Figure 16 PC-1000 Camera 24 Figure 17 SAO Laser 26 Figure 18 Goddard Mobile Laser 27 Vlll TABLES VOLUME I Page Table 1 Transformation Constants for World Geodetic Systems 51 Table 2 Spheroidal Constants 56 Table 3 Reference Datums 57 Table 4 Antenna Characteristics 94 VOLUME II Table 1 Description and Mission of Geodetic Satellites 4 Table 2 Camera Characteristics 21 IX PREFACE This directory summarizes the geodetic data available for NASA tracking facilities and for observing stations participating in NASA programs in satellite geodesy. The information has been furnished by many agencies in the United States and other countries, sometimes in detail, but other times with unsatisfying brevity. The user of satellite information must know the quality of the positional data he uses. Precise tracking operations, datum ties, and determination of a unified world geodetic system require unambiguous definition of each station from which observations are-made, the coordinate system in which it is computed, and the spheroid to which it is referred. It is unsatisfactory to provide this information in tabular form, and inconvenient to use if all the data in the extended reports are included. The data sheets in this directory are intended to make the essential information easily available in uniform format, and to show when it is lacking. The second edition of the directory incorporates the revision sheets issued in June 1971 and adds several new stations. Geodetic heights in Europe and Australia have been adjusted to reflect improved geoid charts of those continents. Stations in South America are now published on the South American Datum of 1969. The organization of Volume I has been modified to reflect the consolidation of the Manned Space Flight and STADAN networks at Goddard Space Flight Center. Additions and changes to the directory will be issued as observation stations are added and improved survey information is received. XI Page intentionally left blank NASA DIRECTORY OF OBSERVATION STATION LOCATIONS INTRODUCTION The NASA Directory of Observation Station Locations provides geodetic locations and related information for observing stations of primary interest to manned space flight operations and other NASA programs, and for observation stations participating in the National Geodetic Satellite Program (NGSP) and the NASA Geodetic Satellites Program (NGP). The directory contains nearly 400 stations with many different types of electronic and optical systems. Among them are range and range-rate trackers, Doppler trackers, radio and laser, ranging systems, and stellar cameras. This directory is a consolidation of geodetic data contained in earlier NASA directories - the Goddard Directory of Tracking Station Locations, and the Geodetic Satellites Observation Station Directory. The directory is in two volumes. Volume I covers the NASA Network Facilities, the Cape Kennedy launch pads, the Deep Space Network, and three radio telescopes cooperating in NASA programs. Volume II contains the observation stations participating in the NGSP and the NGP. These include the Minitrack Optical Tracking Network, U.S. Navy Doppler stations, U.S. Air Force PC-1000 cameras, C-Band radars, U.S.