Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-2, Issue-6, 2016 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in Intra-District Educational scenarios in North Bengal, W.B., India Jayatra Mandal Part-time Lecturer, Dept. of Geography, P. K. H. N. Mahavidyalaya, Howrah, W.B. Abstract: Education is fundamental in maintaining economic growth, infrastructure and INTRODUCTION social development. Naturally, availability of existing educational institutions of block level Development of a region, country or a district has plays important role to delineate the balanced or various facets. Broadly speaking development imbalanced scenario of the district. constitutes the elements like economic growth, In this paper seven districts of north Bengal were infrastructure and social development. The status assessed for identification of deficient blocks by of education is an integral part of social residual mapping. The co-efficient of correlation development. Education is an important avenue (r) and the coefficient of determination (r 2) ware which provides a wide range of opportunities for used for determined of degree of relationship all round development. Recognizing the value of between educational institution and total education, our central government has always tried population. to reconstruct the educational system for The result show that the blocks of Mirik, Matigara, betterment of the masses. Deep attention was paid Naxalbari, Kharibari and Phansidewa in to education as a factor vital to national progress Darjiling; Rajganj and Dhupguri in Jalpaiguri; and security. For the harmonious development of Madarihat-Birpara and Kalchini in Alipurduar; the society, education is imparted in different Mathabhanga-I, Mathabhanga-II, Sitalkuchi, levels through various institutions. In West Bengal Coochbehar-II, Dinhata –I and Sitai in Koch the general educational structure is divided into Bihar; Goalpokhar-I and Karandighi in Uttar five stages, viz. primary school (class I - IV), Dinajpur; Banshihari and Gangarampur in middle school (class V - VIII), high school (class Dakshin Dinajpur; Harishchandrapur-II, IX - X), higher secondary school (XI - XII), Chanchal-II, Ratua-I, Ratua-II, Kaliachak-I and college (3 years in B.A/ B.Sc. / B.Com.) and Kaliachak-III in Maldah have deficiency of university (2 years in M.A/ M.Sc. /M. Com.). The educational institutions. It also found that Koch qualitative outcome of each and every stages based Bihar and Dakshin Dinajpur have almost perfect on availability of spatial distribution of educational positive relation (r) between educational institution institution. This reasons induced the author to wage and total population; Darjiling, Jalpaiguri and the present study on a district level. The study is Uttar Dinajpur have strong positive relation; designed to recognize the variation in the Maldah have moderate positive relation and distribution of educational institution in north Alipurduar have poor positive relation. Bengal. As per coefficient of determination, Darjiling belong with 74 percent of the total variation STUDY AREA in y can be explained by the linear relationship The north Bengal (fig.1) geographically lies between total population (x) and total educational between 24°40′20″ to 27°13′ North latitude and score (y). Similarly, Jalpaiguri-78 percent, 87°45′50″ to 89°53′ East longitude. It is Alipurduar- 24 percent, Koch Bihar-97 percent, constitutes by the districts Darjiling, Jalpaiguri, Uttar Dinajpur-74 percent, Dakshin Dinajpur-96 Alipurduar, Koch Bihar, Uttar Dinajpur, Dakshin percent and Maldah-52 percent can be explained. Dinajpur and Maldah. These districts are These deficiencies are not fruitful towards under Jalpaiguri Division. These regions cover planning for development. To alleviate such variable relief features viz, Himalayan Mountain situation, few new and high-quality schools and region, Tarai region and Northern plain region. It colleges are needed to be established. covers an area of 21,855 Sq.km. and 17,207,410 populations with density of population 787 Keywords: residual mapping, co-efficient of persons./sq.km as per census 2011. correlation (r), coefficient of determination (r 2), educational institutions, surplus-deficit. Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Page 334 Fig.1 Location of the study area OBJECTIVES (total population) and dependent (total score of The major objectives are as follows: educational institutions). They are considered as x and y. The equation is: 1. To analyze the block-wise disparity in the Yc = a+bx distribution of educational institutions. Where, a= y intercept, b= regression coefficient 2. To locate the gap where there is surplus or and yc = estimated score. The constant a and b are deficit of educational institutions. determined by: 3. To identify the degree of relationship among districts of north Bengal. N∑XY-∑X∑Y ∑Y - b ∑X b = --------------------- , a = ---------------- N∑X²- (∑X) ² N DATA BASE AND METHODOLOGY Now, residual is being calculated by differentiation The present study was conducted based on between actual score (Y) to estimated score (Yc). secondary data sources e.g. Thirdly, isopleths map has been drawn to portrait 1. DSHB of Darjiling, Jalpaiguri, Koch the intra-district diversity with the help of residual Bihar, Uttar Dinajpur, Dakshin Dinajpur value. and Maldah (2012) Finally, the degree of relationship among districts 2. DCHB of Darjiling, Jalpaiguri, Koch shown by Correlation Co-efficient (r) and Bihar, Uttar Dinajpur, Dakshin Dinajpur Coefficient of Determination (r 2) and Maldah (2011) Firstly, the block-wise data of total no. of educational institutions (i.e., primary school, middle school, high school, higher secondary school and college or university) of each block in the districts are collected and tabulated (Table 1, 2, Where, n is the number of pairs of data. 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7) to get individual scores. If we denote yi as the observed values of the dependent variable, as its mean, and as the Secondly, based on the score of educational fitted value, then the coefficient of institutions (y) with respect to the total populations determination is: (x) the residual value was calculated and tabulated (Table 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14). Residual mapping: Residual is used to identify and regionalize the areas having negative and positive impact over y. There are two variables are Table-1. Score of Total Educational Institutions taken as independent of Darjiling district, 2012 Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Page 335 Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-2, Issue-6, 2016 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in Metiali 69 6 4 3 - 82 Nagrakata 56 3 3 5 - 67 CDBlock Source: Compiled by the Author Total Score Total High School High Middle School Middle Table-3 Score of Total Educational Institutions PrimarySchool of Alipurduar district, 2012 College andUniversity Higher Secondary School Secondary Higher Darjeeling- CDBlock Total Score Total High School High Pulbazar 295 13 26 15 4 353 School Middle PrimarySchool Sukhiapokhr i- 157 8 7 5 3 College andUniversity Jorebunglow 180 School Secondary Higher Kumargram 127 13 5 10 1 156 Rangli 112 7 4 3 - Falakata 159 5 5 16 1 186 Rangliot 126 Madarihat- Kalimpong-I 143 9 14 7 2 175 97 1 9 10 1 Birpara 118 Kalimpong- 91 6 7 3 - Kalchini 111 5 12 10 1 139 II 107 Alipurduar-I 139 3 11 10 1 164 Gorubathan 99 4 4 2 - 109 Alipurduar- Kurseong 212 3 28 9 1 253 II 200 8 11 22 2 243 Mirik 76 3 6 2 1 88 Source: Compiled by the Author Matigara 290 13 29 40 8 380 Naxalbari 121 7 6 9 2 145 Table-4 Score of Total Educational Institutions of Koch Bihar district, 2012 Kharibari 98 5 5 6 - 114 Phansidewa 152 5 6 12 - 175 School Source: Compiled by the Author CDBlock Total Score Total School High Table-2 Score of Total Educational Institutions School Middle of Jalpaiguri district, 2012 Primary College andUniversity Higher Secondary School Secondary Higher CDBlock Total Score Total Mekhliganj 120 10 2 10 1 143 High School High Middle School Middle PrimarySchool Haldibari 95 4 2 8 1 110 Mathabhang College andUniversity a-I 154 10 4 16 1 185 Higher Secondary School Secondary Higher Mathabhang Rajganj 163 5 13 11 2 194 152 4 4 11 2 a-II 173 Jalpaiguri 307 5 22 34 3 371 Sitalkuchi 125 11 6 9 1 152 Maynaguri 208 7 15 14 1 245 Coochbehar- Dhupguri 208 3 13 27 1 252 I 231 14 22 32 5 304 Mal 191 13 21 22 1 248 Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Page 336 Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-2, Issue-6, 2016 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in Coochbehar- Kushmandi 141 4 10 9 - 164 210 8 11 21 1 II 251 Banshihari 78 11 5 7 1 102 Tufanganj -I 167 11 10 17 1 206 Harirampur 91 10 8 7 1 117 Tufanganj - Gangarampu 142 12 6 10 1 193 7 12 17 1 230 II 171 r Dinhata -I 191 7 12 13 1 224 Kumarganj 139 10 14 7 - 170 Dinhata-II 171 6 11 9 - 197 Tapan 201 10 10 8 - 229 Sitai 68 4 4 3 - 79 Balurghat 260 13 25 23 3 324 Source: Compiled by the Author Hili 72 2 6 4 - 84 Table-5 Score of Total Educational Institutions Source: Compiled by the Author of Uttar Dinajpur district, 2012 Table-7. Score of Total Educational Institutions of Maldah district, 2012 CDBlock Total Score Total High School High CDBlock Middle School Middle PrimarySchool Total Score Total High School High Middle School Middle PrimarySchool College andUniversity Higher Secondary School Secondary Higher College andUniversity Chopra 171 17 6 17 - 211 School Secondary Higher Islampur 234 14 7 25 1 281 Harishchand 105 9 7 7 1 Goalpokhar rapur-I 129 148