International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance The Genocide and Persecution of Roma and Sinti. Bibliography and Historiographical Review Ilsen About & Anna Abakunova O C A U H O L S T L E A C N O N I T A A I N R L E T L N I A R E E M C E M B R A N March 2016 About the IHRA The International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA) is an intergovernmental body whose purpose is to place political and social leaders’ support behind the need for Holocaust education, remembrance and research both nationally and internationally. IHRA (formerly the Task Force for International Cooperation on Holocaust Education, Remembrance and Research, or ITF) was initiated in 1998 by former Swedish Prime Minister Göran Persson. Persson decided to establish an international organization that would expand Holocaust education worldwide, and asked then President Bill Clinton and former British Prime Minister Tony Blair to join him in this effort. Persson also developed the idea of an international forum of governments interested in discussing Holocaust edu- cation, which took place in Stockholm between 27-29 January 2000. The Forum was attended by the repre- sentatives of 46 governments including; 23 Heads of State or Prime Ministers and 14 Deputy Prime Ministers or Ministers. The Declaration of the Stockholm International Forum on the Holocaust was the outcome of the Forum’s deliberations and is the foundation of the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance. IHRA currently has 31 member countries, ten observer countries and seven Permanent International Partners. Members must be committed to the Stockholm Declaration and to the implementation of national policies and programs in support of Holocaust education, remembrance, and research. The national govern- ment of each member country appoints and sends a delegation to IHRA meetings that is composed of both government representatives and national experts, providing a unique link between the two levels. In addition to the Academic, Education, Memorials and Museums, and Communication Working Groups, specialized committees have been established to address antisemitism and Holocaust denial, the genocide of the Roma, and comparative approaches to genocide studies. The IHRA is also in the process of implementing a Multi-Year Work Plan that focuses on killing sites, access to archives, educational research, and Holocaust Memorial Days. One of IHRA’s key roles is to contribute to the funding of relevant projects through its grant strategy. The purpose of the Grant Programme is to foster international dialogue and the exchange of expertise, increase government involvement in program creation, and target projects with strong multilateral elements in order to create sustainable structures for Holocaust education, remembrance, and research. The IHRA Committee on the Genocide of the Roma was initiated in 2007. It aims to raise awareness about the genocide of the Roma under National Socialism and to increase the commitment of IHRA member countries to educate, research and remember the genocide of the Roma. ISBN: 978-90-8667-073-4 The Genocide and Persecution of Roma and Sinti. Bibliography and Historiographical Review Copyright: International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance Printed by the Austrian Federal Ministry of Education and Women’s Affairs ii Table of Contents About the IHRA ..................................................... ii Preface ............................................................ vi About the authors .................................................. vii Part 1 Historiographical Review Introduction ....................................................... viii 1 Defnitions ........................................................ 1 1.1 Naming ......................................................... 1 1.2 Posing the geographical limits ..................................... 1 1.3 Quantifying ...................................................... 2 1.4 Inventory of names ............................................... 3 1.5 Chronology ..................................................... 4 2 Methodology ...................................................... 6 2.1 Analysing cumulative historical processes ........................... 6 2.2 Historiography ................................................... 7 2.3 Access to primary sources ......................................... 8 2.4 Roma voices, before, during and after persecution. 10 3 Research perspectives in the feld ................................... 12 3.1 Labelling ....................................................... 12 3.2 ‘Gypsy’ sciences and politics. 13 3.3 Sterilisation and medical experiments .............................. 13 3.4 Internment ..................................................... 14 3.5 Concentration .................................................. 16 3.6 Deportation .................................................... 17 3.7 Mass killings in Eastern Europe and Einsatzgruppen actions . 18 3.8 The case of Transnistria .......................................... 19 3.9 Resistance and survival strategies ................................. 20 iii 3.10 Exile experience ............................................... 20 3.11 What did we know? ............................................. 21 3.12 Gender perspectives ............................................ 22 3.13 Visual studies ................................................. 22 3.14 Documentaries. 23 3.15 Living conditions ............................................... 24 4 The aftermath .................................................... 25 4.1 The immediate post-war period .................................... 25 4.2 Justice and retribution ........................................... 26 4.3 Memory and commemoration ..................................... 27 4.4 Education ...................................................... 27 5 Recommendations ................................................ 29 References ........................................................ 31 Part 2 Bibliography on the Genocide and Persecution of Roma and Sinti Preliminary Remarks ................................................ 49 1 ESSAYS ......................................................... 52 I. Publications on general aspects. 52 I.1. Bibliographies .................................................. 52 I.2. Publications on historiography .................................... 52 I.3. Publications on methodology ..................................... 53 I.4. Publications on general history of Roma and Sinti in modern Europe . 53 I.5. Publications on general aspects of genocide and persecution . 57 II. Publications according to political geography ......................... 66 III. Thematic sections .............................................. 115 III.1. Publications on ‘Zigeunerforschung’ and ‘Gypsy Sciences’ . 115 III.2. Publications on concentration camps. 117 III.3. Publications on ghettos ........................................ 118 III.4. Publications on Auschwitz-Birkenau and other death camps . 118 III.5. Publications on Transnistria .................................... 120 III.6. Publications on resistance ...................................... 122 III.7. Publications on visual studies ................................... 123 III.8. Publications on literary studies .................................. 124 III.9. Publications on gender studies .................................. 125 III.10. Publications on memory and commemoration .................... 125 III.11. Publications on educational issues .............................. 132 iv 2 DOCUMENTS ................................................... 134 I. Collections of documents ......................................... 134 II. Testimonies .................................................... 134 III. Documentary flms .............................................. 138 v Preface Tis annotated bibliography of the genocide of the Roma was one of two short-term research projects commissioned in 2014 by the IHRA Committee on the Genocide of the Roma. Te committee felt that essential information was not readily available, either concerning research into the genocide of the Roma or what other international organisations are doing in the feld of education and remembrance of the genocide. Information on both was needed for the committee to be able to set its priorities for the coming years. Te second project resulted in the publication Roma Genocide: Overview of Organisations working on historical and contemporary issues, which gives insight into major international organisations and their programmes and initiatives to raise awareness of the genocide of the Roma and support commemoration. Te aim of the committee is to work with international governmental organisations and civil society to increase knowledge about and commitment to commemorating the geno- cide of the Roma and to draw attention to the continuity of prejudice about Roma before, during and afer the Second World War. Te committee has been very fortunate that the historians Ilsen About and Anna Abakunova agreed to take on the task of compiling the bibliography and wri- ting an extensive essay on the main research themes covered. We are grateful to both authors for their dedicated work. However, the work is by no means at an end. Te committee will publish the database of the bibliography online and give it a home where it will be kept up to date. On the basis of the annotations, an expert meeting is planned for 2016, to review the academic developments. It should lead to the