Front door, Olive Hills TK photograph 2000 INDIGO SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY VOLUME 1 PART 2 STRATEGY & APPENDICES PREPARED FOR THE INDIGO SHIRE COUNCIL PETER FREEMAN PTY LTD CONSERVATION ARCHITECTS & PLANNERS • CANBERRA CONSULTANT TEAM FINAL AUGUST 2000 INDIGO SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY CONTENTS VOLUME 1 PART 2 STRATEGY & APPENDICES 8.0 A HERITAGE STRATEGY FOR THE SHIRE 8.1 Heritage Conservation Objectives 190 8.2 A Heritage Strategy 190 8.3 The Nature of the Heritage Resources of the Shire 191 8.4 Planning and Management Context 194 8.5 Clause 22 Heritage Policies 196 8.6 Financial Support for Heritage Objectives 197 8.7 Fostering Community Support for Heritage Conservation 198 8.8 A Community Strategy 199 8.9 Implementing the Heritage Strategy 200 APPENDIX A Indigo Shire Heritage Study Brief APPENDIX B Select Bibliography APPENDIX C Historical photographs in major public collections APPENDIX D Glossary of mining terminology APPENDIX E Statutory Controls APPENDIX F Indigo Planning Scheme - Clause 43.01 APPENDIX C Economic Evaluation of the Government Heritage Restoration Program [Extract from report] APPENDIX H Planning Strategy and Policy - Heritage APPENDIX I Recommendations for inclusion within the RNE, the Heritage Victoria Register and the Indigo Shire Planning Scheme APPENDIX J Schedule of items not to be included in the Indigo Shire Planning Scheme APPENDIX K Inventory index by locality/number APPENDIX L Inventory index by site type i SECTION 8.0 A HERITAGE STRATEGY FOR THE SHIRE 8.1 Heritage Conservation Objectives 190 8.2 A Heritage Strategy 190 8.3 The Nature of the Heritage Resources of the Shire 191 8.4 Planning and Management Context 194 8.5 Clause 22 Heritage Policies 196 8.6 Financial Support for Heritage Objectives 197 8.7 Fostering Community Support for Heritage Conservation 198 8.8 A Community Strategy 199 8.9 Implementing the Heritage Strategy 200 189 INDIGO SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY SECTION 8.0 A HERITAGE STRATEGY FOR THE SHIRE 8.1 HERITAGE CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES From the inception of the new Indigo Shire it was well understood that its heritage resources were one of the newly formed Shire's main assets, although the extent of their richness and diversity was not necessarily understood at the time of amalgamation. The heritage strategy for Indigo Shire, set out below, seeks to actively continue to encourage conservation, as a community resource and as an economic motivator, and to promote a collective and 'corporate' approach to heritage resource management. Balanced with this is the need to provide certainty to owners and managers to allow future strategic and financial planning with respect to those assets. 8.2 A HERITAGE STRATEGY 394 Purpose and components of the Heritage Study A Local Government Area heritage strategy sets out the broad means by which that Area's heritage objectives are to be achieved. The strategy should establish the framework within which heritage policies and actions are set, as this will assist those who subsequently must interpret the strategy in more detail, and should set out the specific actions that will be taken to implement the strategy. A strategy will allow an effective balance to, and integration of, the various actions that can support heritage conservation objectives. An effective heritage strategy involves two important elements: • The ends to be achieved – the strategic outcomes; and • The means of achieving the ends – the implementation process, involving the broad strategic aims and supporting policies. A heritage strategy can be most usefully defined in terms of the following structure: • a definition of the heritage resources – including the nature, location and condition of heritage places, sources of further information; • a description of the statutory framework within which these resources can be conserved; • identification of any financial assistance that, directly or indirectly, can be used to support conservation objectives; • an information and awareness program that will gather public support for the statutory and community actions that have been 394 This section has been informed by the following: Department of Infrastructure [undated] Victorian Planning Provisions Practice Notes – Applying the Heritage Overlay; Department of Infrastructure [undated] Victorian Planning Provisions Practice Notes – Writing a Local Planning Policy; Department of Planning and Housing [1991] Local Government Heritage Guidelines; and Sinclair Knight Merz [1999] Economic Evaluation of the Government Heritage Restoration Program 190 INDIGO SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY SECTION 8.0 A HERITAGE STRATEGY FOR THE SHIRE selected to achieve the heritage objectives, including other actions that can be used to support conservation objectives and to increase community awareness of and support for conservation objectives: voluntary community activities; support for specific projects and restoration by property owners and the like; and • actions to initiate, manage and monitor the strategy's implementation. 8.3 THE NATURE OF THE HERITAGE RESOURCES OF THE SHIRE The thematic history and inventory components of this Study describe in detail the post-contact heritage resources of the Shire. The current inventory contains 1172 sites, many of which contains multiple entries. By far the largest proportion of these are urban residences, particularly in the identified 'historic' towns of Beechworth [242], Chiltern [34], Rutherglen [55] and Yackandandah Residences [38]. Rural houses are also well represented, there being in excess of 120 of these. These residences, whether urban or rural, represent the range of architectural styles, from the simple selector's cottage to the fine homestead, although the overwhelmingly majority are very modest, late nineteenth century, of timber construction. The few grand residences are almost invariably associated with the squatting era or viticulture. Commercial buildings Another large group of significant places recognised within the Inventory are the commercial buildings , of which there are 98 shops/offices, 15 banks [or former banks], 6 general stores, 30 hotels or hotel former hotels or hotel sites, and 8 post offices or former post offices [total 157]. Once again, many of these are clustered within the towns of Beechworth, Chiltern, Rutherglen and Yackandandah. These towns have been enabled, by virtue of their intact fabric, to trade on their 19 th century character, unlike the smaller towns such as Wahgunyah and Barnawartha, where there is little commercial activity. Banks were quick to establish themselves in a township once it showed promise of permanency, and then they frequently did so in grand and enduring fashion. Corner sites were favoured, in central locations, creating an enduring presence, which lasted until the end of the 20th century. However, the banks are moving out of the small towns, this shaking the community's confidence in the process. Of the fifteen bank buildings included within the inventory, only two are still in operation, the NAB in Rutherglen and Tangambalanga [part- time], whilst one of the banks is now being used by a credit union. 191 INDIGO SHIRE HERITAGE STUDY SECTION 8.0 A HERITAGE STRATEGY FOR THE SHIRE Mining, Pastoral and The thematic history has revealed the primacy of pastoral and Agricultural Industry agricultural activities, as well as mining activity, and some aspects of these are well represented within the inventory. There are 71 mining sites, included within the current Inventory, and these places are confined to those considered to be of most significance. There are Viticulture innumerable further locations where evidence of mining activity is apparent. Viticulture is also reasonably well represented; with 13 wineries and 22 former wineries, however this figure gives no Dairying indication of just how widespread this activity once was, particularly in the pre-phylloxera era. Similarly, there are only 10 dairies [although there are numerous dairies from the mid 20 th century which have not been included. None of these diaries are still in use, and only a handful of the many c1940s and 1950s dairies which dot the Shire are still used. What was once a widespread activity is now concentrated to a few areas and a handful of farms. Sheep and cattle The seven woolsheds listed within the current Inventory give an indication of the pastoral nature of the Shire, although most of these are other buildings converted to this use. Cellars were readily converted, as were schools and army huts, but there is surprisingly little evidence of the widespread and sustained activity of cattle grazing. Post Contact The dearth of sites of post-contact Aboriginal significance is Aboriginal sites testimony to the devastation of Aboriginal populations in this region during the 1830 and 1840s. Those places which do retain significance by association [eg. Honorary Correspondent Depots such as at Tangambalanga Station and The Hermitage] were set up in the 1860s and represented a last ditch effort to keep Aborigines from dying out altogether. The two scarred trees which have been identified within the Inventory are believed to have been located at sites where Aborigines camped during the latter part of the nineteenth century, while the Lake Moodemere camp site is most famous for its association with the Aboriginal painter Tommy McRae. Athenaeums The existence of four Athenaeums [or former athenaeums] within the Shire is notable. These buildings reflect community efforts for self- improvement, and for improvement of the working man. Their lofty ideals are reflected