IJCC, V이 . 13, No. 1, 12-22(2010) 12 A Study on Queen Elizabeth U's Dress : Focusing on the Dress and Role Enactment Youn Yui^ Cho aM Sook«Hi Yang* Dept. of Clothing & Textiles, Sookmyung Womens University, Seoul, Korea (Received February 18, 2010 : Accepted April 30, 2010) Abstr^t As an influential political leader, Queen Elizabeth U holds the link between past queens and today's yeomen political leaders and her dress represents so much in accordance to her role. Il is important to analyze the dress and role enactment of Queen Elizabeth H in order to provide a guide to the future women political leaders all over the world. The Queers dress helps her show tradition which has developed over one thousand years of history. She represents Britain to the world focusing on national identity and unity. The Queen always distinct herselffrom the rest of the world to show the pride of British Monarch, but when she is visiting other counties for diplomatic r이 afion아 lips she would surely show a friendly gesture on her dress to assimilate herself with that country. Also, same as all other women, the Queen seeks practicality in her dress. Therefore, I was able to classify the Queen's dress into five groups as a way of role enactment. They are tradition, represeMation, distinction, assimilation, and practicality. Key words : role enactment, women political leader, dress. less formal role as Head of Nation. The Sovereign I. Introduction acts as a ibcus for national identity, unity 曲 d pride. The Sovereign acts as a focus for national identity, The purpose of this study is to understand the unity and pride. The Queen gives a sense of stabi­ relationship between dress (The New Encyclopedia lity and continuity. She officially recognizes success Britannica, 1992) and role enactment of Queen and excellence, as well as supports the ideal of Elizabeth U and to analyze the dress she has voluntary service. The Queen is Head of State worn while performing her role as the Queen. The of the U.K and 15 other Commonwealth realms. Queen as the Monarch in the United Kingdom is The elder daughter of King George VI and Queen Head of State. As Head of State, the Queen under­ Elizabeth, she was bom in 1926 and became takes constitutional aid representational duties which Queen at the age of 25, and has reigned through have developed over one thousand years of history. more than five decades of enormous social change In addition to these State duties, the Queen has a and development. f Corresponding author E-mail : [email protected] n Covering, or clothing and accessories for the human body. The term dress encompasses not only such femiliar garmente as shirts, skirts, trouser, jackets, and coats but also footwear, caps mid hats, sleepwear, sports clothes, corsets, and gloves. Hairstyles and Me wearing of beards, mustaches, and wigs at diftant times and in variais forms are all linked to the history of fashion and dress. The same is true of the use of cosmetics and jewelry. 12 Vol. 13, No. 1 The International Journal of Costume Culture 13 As a political leader, the Queen represents so 1. Dress and Role Enactment much to the people and the rising political lea­ Dress, along with a number of other outwardly ders all over the world. The Queen also has an observable behaviors, such as gestures and verbal essential role in providing a sense of stability and acts, is part of a set of expectations for behavior continuity in times of political and social change. that define a person's role within the social struc­ Throughout history, women political leaders existed ture. An individuaFs enactment of role takes place only when there was no m이 e king able to reign during interaction with others and is evaluated over the country. Although these chances were by both the enactor of the r이 e and others in­ rare, the women who did become a queen or a volved in the interaction. If the type of dress an regent queen have ruled better than most of the individual wears coincides with expectations for m시 e kings. Like Queen Elizabeth I, Maria The­ dress held by others in a specific social situa­ resia, and Catherine the Great to name a few. tion, it can facilitate interaction. Conversely, if Until 1960 when Sirimavo Bandarinaike became the type of dress is contrary to expectations, it the first female prime minister in Ceylon, the can hinder, or even terminate, interaction. Ideally 。끼 y female political leaders were the queens. then, fbr optimum role performance, the Queen's Time has changed so much since 1960 and there dress should facilitate her place in the group by are more women political leaders all over the clearly announcing her social position and role world trying to break the highest glass ceiling. to them. If her dress deviates from tradition, she At this point, it is important to analyze the dress may run the risk of conveying ambiguous or and role enactment of the women political leaders misleading information. As a result, other people in order to provide a guide to the future women with whom she interacts as the Queen may have political leaders. To do so, the best place to start difficulty in understanding her intended role enact­ obviously has to be the Queen still present with ment and may become confused as to what kind the link to the past queens and who has so much of behavior they can expect from her or how to influence on the politics of today. The Queen wears respond to her. The result may be ineffective dress as a form of enacting her role. The dress and unsatisfactory social interaction on both sides. helps her show tradition which has developed over In short, if role expectations proclaimed by the one thousand years of history. She represents Britain Queen's dress are un이 ear to viewers, they may to the world focusing on national identity and unity. not be able to forecast the conduct of the Queen The Queen distinct herself from the rest of the or determine their appropriate complementary role world to show the pride of British Monarch, but enactments (Roach-Higgins et al., 1995). when she is visiting other counties fbr diplomatic Further, expectations for dress are both nor­ relationships she would surely show a friendly gesture mative and evaluative in character. They are nor­ on her dress to assimilate herself with that country. mative because, a person occupying a certain social Also, same as all other women, the Queen seeks position is expected to dress in established ways practicality in her dress. believed to be appropriate to the position. The After research through literature reviews, re­ evaluative aspect comes into play when other levant books, photos, journals, magazines, news­ people decide how well a person meets their ex­ papers, and materials collected from internet, I pectations for dress as well as the type of be­ was able to classify the Queen's dress into five havior his or her dress helps predict. Thus, in groups as a way of role enactment. They are tradi­ theory the occupant of the social position of the tion, representation, distinction, assimilation, and Q나 een will succeed as Queen if she generally practicality. constrains her behavior so that it conforms to prescribed ways, including wearing dress judged H. The Theoretical Background appropriate fbr her position (Roach-Higgins et al„ 1995). 13 A Study on Queen Elizabeth U's Dress IJCC Traditionally, the royal court was the residence designed by John Anderson. His business partner of quasi-dMue monarchs at the center of political Karl Ludwig Rehse took over the mantle after and administrative power, national and interna­ his death in 1988 and the Queen still wears his tional in range. No group was more acutely aware designs £퍊 day. Stewart Parvin, the youngest of of the way in which images had to be deployed the Queen's designers, trained at Edinburgh College and manipulated fbr political effect than these of Art. He began to design for the Queen in ruling aristocracies. Artistic spectacle, the dress 2000 and continues to do so. Angela Kelly is and ornament of the monarchs, performed at least Personal Assistant and Senior Dresser to the Queen. three major tasks It protected and sustained the Her role includes designing fbr the Queen, which sacred character of kingship; it served to demon­ she has done since 2002. Angela and her team strate political and administrative power; and con­ try and use both old and new fabrics when de­ stituted an exemplary appearance fbr foreigners signing. Some of the material they incorpomte has and nationals alike. The sacred character 쟎 f king- been given to the Queen many years ago, some ship and its legitimacy were signified by a crown, dates from when she was Princess Elizabeth. a scepter, and a chain worn around the neck. These emblems served to display and justify the DI. Queen Elizabeth H'w Dress and exercise of power. Both in formal ceremonies and Role Enactment in the organization of the household, the monarch was presented as God's representative on earth, Apart from State business the Queen's job is the center of a universe carefully designed to to be seen and seen by millions of people not duplicate the harmonious ordefin흥 of the heaven only in Britain but all over the world. So the (Rubinstein, 1995). biggest fMtor in choosing clothes is the suit­ ability for the job. After analyzing Queen Eli­ 2. The Queen's Dress zabeth II '돊 dress, her dress categorized into five There hawe been many British designers for the groups 爲 a way of role enactment.