EPA/600/R-09/061 Graphical Arrays of Chemical-Specific Health Effect Reference Values for Inhalation Exposures Includes Errata Sheet created on 4/6/2010 September 2009 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development National Center for Environmental Assessment Research Triangle Park, NC DISCLAIMER This document has been prepared by staff from the Hazardous Pollutant Assessment Group, National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the EPA. For questions concerning this document, please contact Dr. George Woodall (919-541-3896; [email protected]). September 2009 ii Errata Sheet Created 4/6/2010 for the document titled Graphical Arrays of Chemical-Specific Health Effect Reference Values for Inhalation Exposures, Final Table or Page Erratum Figure 133 Changed “values” to “value,” deleted “and OSHA,” and added “OSHA PEL” before “ACGIH ” in the first sentence of the second paragraph. Added the following sentence at the end of the second paragraph: “It should also be noted that the original documentaion for the OSHA PEL cited it as a Ceiling Value (OSHA, 1996, 192249) but OSHA later clarified in a memo that the value was a time-weighted average (OSHA, 1996, 598129)” Figure 133 Replaced Figure 2.15 2.15 Table 137 Replaced “OSHA-Ceiling” with “OSHA-PEL (TWA)” in the first 2.15 column of Table 2.15. Replaced “10 min” with “8 hr TWA” in the second column. Added reference in last column. 140 Added reference “OSHA (1996). Mercury vapor. Retrieved 11-JUN- 09, from http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/healthguidelines/mercuryvapor/recognition .html. 192249 OSHA (1996). PEL (permissible exposure limit) for inorganic mercury is a time-weighted average, not a ceiling (Sept 3, 1996), with June 2, 2005 correction. Retrieved 06-APR-10, from http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=I NTERPRETATIONS&p_id=23866. 598129 September 2009 iii ACKNOWEDGEMENTS Author: George M. Woodall, Jr. John Vandenberg Office of Research and Development Office of Research and Development National Center for Environmental Assessment National Center for Environmental Assessment United Stated Environmental Protection Agency United States Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC Research Triangle Park, NC Reviewers and Contributors: Debra Walsh Janine Dinan Office of Research and Development Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response National Center for Environmental Assessment Office of Emergency Management United States Environmental Protection Agency United States Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC Washington, DC William P. Ashman Nicole Hagan Senior Research Scientist Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Battelle Predoctoral Train ee with the Department of Homeland Security National Center f or Environmental Assessment Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD Research Triangle Park, NC Michele Burgess Deborah McKean Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response Office of Research and Develo pment Office of Emergency Management National Homeland Security Research Center United States Environmental Protection Agency United States Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC Cincinnati, OH Deborah Burgin Jayne Michaud Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response Registry Office of Superfund Remediation & Technology Division of Regional Operations, Liaison Office Innovation to EPA HQ United States Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC Washington, DC Stan Durkee Molly Rosett Office of Research and Development Student Services Contractor with the Office of Science Policy National Center for Environmental Assessment United States Environmental Protection Agency United States Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC Research Triangle Park, NC Ernest Falke Reeder Sams Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Office of Research and Development Substances National Center for Environmental Assessment Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics United States Environmental Protection Agency United States Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC Washington, DC September 2009 iv Schatzi Fitz-James Roy Smith Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response Office of Air and Radiation Office of Emergency Management Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards United States Environmental Protection Agency United States Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC Research Triangle Park, NC Sarah Mazur Office of Research and Development Office of Science Policy United States Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC Editorial Support Jess Rowland Deborah Wales Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Office of Research and Development Substances National Center for Environmental Assessment Office of Pesticide Programs United States Environmental Protection Agency United States Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC Washington, DC September 2009 v TABLE OF CONTENTS Disclaimer....................................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................. iv Section 1: Introduction.................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Purpose............................................................................................................................ 1 1.2. Overview......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2.1 Document Organization.......................................................................................... 7 1.3.4 Uncertainty and Variability................................................................................... 10 1.4. Duration ....................................................... ................................................................. 10 1.5. Available Health Effect Reference Values ................................................................... 11 1.5.1 Emergency Response Reference Values............................................................... 11 1.5.2 Occupational Reference Values............................................................................ 14 1.5.3 General Public Reference Values ......................................................................... 16 Section 2: Chemical-Specific Reference Value Arrays............................................................... 23 2.1 Chemical-Specific Reference Values for Acrolein (CASRN 107-02-8) ...................... 26 2.2 Chemical-Specific Reference Values for Ammonia (CASRN 7664–41-7) ................. 34 2.3. Chemical-Specific Reference Values for Arsine (CASRN 7784-42-1) ...................... 44 2.4. Chemical-Specific Reference Values for Chlorine (CASRN 7782-50-5) .................... 52 2.5. Chemical-Specific Reference Values for Chromium VI (CASRN 18540-29-9)......... 61 2.6 Chemical-Specific Reference Values for Cyanogen Chloride (CASRN 506-77-4)..... 70 2.7 Chemical-Specific Reference Values for Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (EGME) (CASRN 109-86-4)................................................................................................... 74 2.8 Chemical-Specific Reference Values for Ethylene Oxide (CASRN 75-21-8)............. 81 2.9 Chemical-Specific Reference Values for Formaldehyde (CASRN 50-00-0)............... 89 2.10 Chemical-Specific Reference Values for Soman (Agent GD) and Cyclosarin (Agent GF) (CASRN 96-64-0 and 329-99-7)....................................................................... 97 2.11 Chemical-Specific Reference Values for Hydrogen Cyanide (CASRN 74-90-8)..... 104 2.12 Chemical-Specific Reference Values for Hydrogen Fluoride (CASRN 7664-39-3). 111 2.13 Chemical-Specific Reference Values for Hydrogen Sulfide (CASRN 7783-06-4)... 119 2.14 Chemical-Specific Reference Values for Lewisite..................................................... 128 2.15 Chemical-Specific Reference Values for Elemental Mercury Vapor (CASRN 7439-97-6)............................................................................................... 133 2.16 Chemical-Specific Reference Values for Methylene Chloride (CASRN 75-09-2)... 142 2.17 Chemical-Specific Reference Values for Perchloroethylene (CASRN 127-18-4).... 150 2.18 Chemical-Specific Reference Values for Phosgene (CASRN 75-44-5)..................... 159 2.19 Chemical-Specific Reference Values for Phosphine (CASRN 7803-51-2) .............. 168 2.20. Chemical-Specific Reference Values for Sarin (GB) (CASRN 107-44-8) ............ 176 2.21. Chemical-Specific Reference Values for Styrene (CASRN 100-42-5).................. 182 2.22. Chemical-Specific Reference Values for Sulfur Mustard (CASRN 505-60-2)..... 190 2.23. Chemical-Specific Reference Values for Tabun (GA) (CASRN 77-81-6) ............ 196 2.24. Chemical-Specific Reference Values for Agent VX (CASRN 50782-69-9).......... 203 Appendix A: Summary of the Client Workshop for Reference Value Arrays .......................... A-1 Appendix B: Procedures for Developing Arrays of Health Effect Reference Values............... B-1 Appendix C: Queries of ATHED............................................................................................... C-1 September 2009 vi ACRONYMS