Under the Patronage of 16th Osservatorio del Mediterraneo SOMA 1st-3rd MARCH 2012 Florence - Italy "IDENTITY CONNECTIVITY" & 16TH SYMPOSIUM ON MEDITERRANEAN ARCHAEOLOGY WWW.SOMA2012FLORENCE.NET Center for Ancient Mediterranean Università Degli Studi di Firenze and Near Eastern Studies Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia U N D E R T H E P A T R O N A G E O F Comune di Firenze, Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali e Osservatorio del Mediterraneo Osservatorio del Mediterraneo O R G A N I Z E D B Y Università degli Studi di Firenze - Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia Center for Ancient Mediterranean and Near Eastern Studies (CAMNES) Università di Firenze Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia O R G A N I Z I N G C O M M I T T E E S C I E N T I F I C C O M M I T T E E Dr. Luca Bombardieri Prof. Giovannangelo Camporeale (University of Florence) (University of Florence & CAMNES) Dr. Anacleto D’Agostino Prof. Anna Margherita Jasink (University of Florence) (University of Florence) Guido Guarducci – PhD attendant Prof. Paolo Liverani (CAMNES, University of Reading) (University of Florence) Dr. Valentina Orsi Prof. Fabio Martini (University of Florence) (University of Florence) Dr. Stefano Valentini Prof. Stefania Mazzoni (CAMNES) (University of Florence & CAMNES) Prof. Guido Vannini (University of Florence) Dr. Massimo Cultraro (National Research Council & CAMNES) Dr. Nicola Laneri (University of Catania & CAMNES) Assist. Prof. Ertekin Doksanaltı (GAMA - Selçuk University) Dr. Lihi Habas (Hebrew University of Jerusalem) Prof. Alexandr Okorokov (Russian Academy of Sciences) Prof. Ahmet Adil Tırpan (Selçuk University) C O N G R E S S O F F I C E Secretary: Dr. Francesca Amato info@soma2012florence.net www.soma2012florence.net 2 S U P P O R T E D B Y S P O N S O R E D B Y 3 FLORENCE HISTORICAL CENTER MAP WITH THE MAIN PLACES OF INTEREST OF THE SYMPOSIUM 4 Salvatore Agizza Independent researcher Archaeological “site” of Licosa on Thyrrenian coast The Island and the promontory of Licosa are located near the town of San Marco di Castellabate at the southern side of the Gulf of Salerno. The archaeological “site” of Licosa is situated in the protected marine area of Santa Maria di Castellabate created since 1972 and representing an early example of a marine park in Italy, in the same area of the National Park of Cilento and Vallo di Diano, and the city of Castellabate, named UNESCO world heritage site since 1998 and included, with its coast, in the list of "most beautiful villages of Italy ". The oldest sources relating to this portion of territory, the area of Licosa, is Licofrone, who in his work the “Cassandra” or “Alexandra”, refers to the mythical Sirens, and to Promontorium Enipeum or Posideion. In the Hellenistic tradition the site of Licosa is connected with Leucosia, one of the three sirens, dead in front of the cape and whose name remains on the island. The structures still visible are situated on the promontory and on island. They are the remains of two buildings, located on two levels, presumably with a rectangular plan, known as “cetariae” and characterized by a thick coating of cocciopesto. Maybe these structures are related with some other artifacts as geometric mosaic green and white, and a series of nurseries for fish farming, located at western cliff of the island. The research aims, also through the study of the geomorphology, to understand the function of such evidence. Alberto Agresti Università degli Studi di Firenze Population strategies and cultural phenomena in North and Central Tuscany from Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age: continuity and change. Landscape analysis and cultural data. The transition from XI to VIII Century b. C. have a fundamental importance for the ancient Mediterranean history, due to the deep social and cultural changements, and dynamic phenomena that brings to interaction between groups and community, even far one from the other. However, to be in the half with Bronze and Iron Age, in past was often superficially considered in one hand like epigones, and in the other like previews, without giving them an own identity. Is a well known evidence, that in this period can be found most of the traits that will be developed lately, like the funerary rite or the settlement strategy, the exploitation of the natural resources, and the interregional and international relationship. The knowledge of that part of recent protohistory is surely necessary to a right comprehension of the next historical and cultural development, that will bring to form of gentilitial power, in which also that part of territory. in different time and way, partecipate to the protourban phenomenon. The area of the study is totally involved in the etruscan etnogenesis, and the period examined correspond to a not so short phase of changeover from the Protovillanovan culture to the first attestation of Etruscan Orientalizing period. The main interest of this territory between Tirrenian sea, and the Appennino mountains, is his border vocation, with all that means, included a more dynamism and less homogeneity compared with the near areas. The same protourban phenomenon, in that part of peninsula, has different shape and characteristics compared to the ones of the Etruria strictu sensu, and we have observed also landscape restyling, without the presence of big urban centers. Moreover central-north Tuscany has given back, mostly in the last decades, new data trough which is possible a better understanding of the social and cultural phenomena, and a reformulation of the archaeological problematics. The aim of the present paper is to examine, describe and interpret, with the aport of new and recently discoveries, the archaeological data, with a qualitative and quantitative approach, the kind of sites, their distribution and the relationship with the natural resources and the geographical aspects. Through that study we want to contribute in the understanding of the wideness of cultural areas formation, and trade routes, interpreting population strategies and cultural phenomena in a complete and diachronic optic, of of “longue durée”. Zeynep Aktüre Izmir Institute of Technology Ancient theatre architecture as an indication of cultural change in the Mediterranean: a structuralist interpretation inspired from Fernand Braudel's Mediterranean Within the center-periphery model, ancient theatre remains have occasionally been interpreted as signifiers of cultural change in the Mediterranean, as part of a common vocabulary that is thought to be imposed on the subjected peoples in the case of Roman expansion. However, the typology based on Greek-Roman binarism from Vitruvius onwards is insufficient in exploiting this interpretative potential fully. As an example, “Greekness” in some Roman period theaters of Asia Minor may be explained as a form of resistance to cultural Romanization, but “Greekness” in the theaters of the Roman Hispaniae awaits an alternative explanation in the absence of a similar pre-Roman theatre-building tradition. At the start of this research in Spain and Greece [1], my expectation was a replacement of the Aristotelian “tree” model based on Greek-Roman binarism with a “mosaic” formed by the pre-Roman cultural difference of the study areas. This would have accorded with the recent re-definition of Romanization as an umbrella term for various types of interactions shaped by each province’s physical environment, indigenous culture, and history of relations with Rome [2]. Instead, I ended up with a Deleuzian “rhizome” [3] wherein there, nevertheless, exist hierarchies that are best explained by those intrinsic in the network of cities in the Mediterranean, which changed under the Roman rule through the establishment of communication networks and coloniae at their junctions. 5 This presentation will cross-evaluate the data from the two study areas in the light of complementary research on the examples in Sicily and France to argue that these hierarchies can only be understood from a wider perspective. For this purpose, Braudel’s three planes of historical time (consisting of geo-history, structures, and events) [4] is adopted to argue for the weight of geo-historic factors over the established networks, and the networks on individual buildings that are commonly conceptualized in the theory of architecture as events. Laura Alfano Università degli Studi della Tuscia EXCHANGE AND CONTACT NETWORKS OF RAW MATERIALS DURING THE BRONZE AGE IN CENTRAL-ORIENTAL SICILY "Identity and Insularity in Bronze Age Sicily" - Workshop on Sicilian prehistory Not only is the geographical location of the island, located in the heart of the Mediterranean at the crossroads of three continents, to have determined the fortune of the of Sicily's prehistory, which was a transit zone for cultural influences since remote times, was probably due to its centrality, but one of the most important factors that is linked to the emergence of early prehistoric communities and of the oldest cultural systems of exchange is the fact that the island has represented a real mineral reserve raw materials. The Sicilian prehistory provides a rich and varied framework in the landscape of eco-systemic, social, economic, ethnic relationships, characterizing the total prehistoric age and one of the reasons is closely related to what has always marked the life of Mediterranean societies, namely the interaction and contacts occurred following the exchange of raw materials and finished or semi-finished products between different prehistoric peoples. Even before the Age of Metals, among the first raw materials to become important economic resources, and later also exchange objects, there was the obsidian from the islands of Lipari and Pantelleria. The attempts of exploitation of the deposits are attested already starting by the first Neolithic societies and wide circulation of this particular "volcanic glass" demonstrates to the creation of the first "commercial" routes of supply.