Kimberly-Clark Health Care Glossary To Augment Knowledge Network Educational Offerings Department of Medical Sciences and Clinical Education OSHA Regulation pertaining to Respiratory Protection for healthcare workers listed in the Code of Federal 29 CFR 1910.134 Regulations (CFR). Movement of a body part away from the central plane of the body, as opposed to adduction which is to pull the body Abduction part inwards, towards the body. Ablation Surgical excision or amputation of a body part or tissue, or destruction of its function. A cavity filled with pus and surrounded by inflamed tissue. Sterile abscesses are caused by a non-bacterial Abscess inflammatory response. A glove donning powder consisting of cornstarch cross-linked with epichlorohydrin or phosphorus oxychloride with less than 2% magnesium oxide as defined in the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP). Must be capable of being Absorbable Dusting Powder boiled in saline for 20 minutes and stand for 24 hours without dissolving. More absorbable by the body’s immune (ADP) system than talcum powder, but still the cause of several wound and inhalation complications including delayed healing, granulomas, adhesions, increased risk of infection, powder emboli, etc. A chemical used as a catalyst to accelerate the molecular crosslinking (curing) of product during production. In some Accelerator cases, individuals may develop a dermatitis to some of the chemicals used as accelerators. Acceptable quality level The acceptable quality set for the average results of several production lots of product. (AQL) Access ports to IV infusion Means of infusing drugs, blood, nutrition, fluids. May be slit hub needless ports, puncture hubs (using needles) or line leur connectors. Bacteria, such as Mycobacteria (e.g. tuberculosis, leprosy), that are part of the 1% of bacteria which are neither Acid fast Gram (+) nor (-). They do not decolorized when rinsed with acid after being stained with specific microbiological stains. Acidemia A decreased pH of the blood below normal range (normal range is 7.35-7.45). An abnormal increase in the acidity of the body's fluids, caused either by accumulation of acids or by depletion of Acidosis bicarbonates; often used to describe the acid-base status of the blood. The opposite of alkalosis. A gram negative pathogenic small rod shaped bacterium. It is mainly found in water, but can remain viable and Acinetobacter baumannii infectious for days to weeks on dry, inanimate surfaces. The bacterium can cause many infections including pneumonia, wound infections, bacteremia, and meningitis. Acinetobacter is often resistant to those antibiotics normally used to treat it. Transformed immune cells that have achieved their full capacity to track down, acquire, and attack foreign threats. Activated white blood cells (e.g. activated macrophages, neutrophils, T-cells) Immunity obtained during a person’s life that provides the ability to produce white cells or antibodies to a specific Active acquired immunity disease causing agent and build immune-memory for rapid defense against future challenges by the same organism. Active carrier An individual who harbors an infectious organism and can spread it to others. The carrier does not become ill. Acute alveolar A condition characterized by an abrupt increase in the volume of air inhaled in one minute (inhaled minute volume), hyperventilation and a decrease in carbon dioxide concentration. Having sudden or slow onset of any intensity of pain from mild to severe with an anticipated or predictable end and a Acute Pain duration of less than 6 months. Acute ventilatory failure An abrupt decrease in the respiratory minute ventilation caused by conditions such as acute hypoventilation. Movement of a body part towards the central plane of the body as opposed to abduction, which is to push the body Adduction part away from the body. A compound in all living things which stores energy. The energy in ATP is released when ATP breaks down into adenosine diphosphate (ADP) providing energy to conduct, needed for organism to function. One method used to Adenosine triphosphate monitor the effectiveness of disinfection agents and procedures is to measure the level of ATP before and after (ATP) disinfection. If ATP it is undetectable after the task is completed, the disinfection process was performed successfully as lack of ADP only occurs if the bacteria or fungus is no longer viable. An enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus that is spherical in shape and causes pharyngitis, acute respiratory Adenovirus disease, pneumonia, conjunctivitis, genitourinary infections, and gastroenteritis. Transmission is through the fecal- oral route, direct contact hand-to-eye, or respiratory aerosol. Adherence Attachment of a pathogen to the tissue of a host; a necessary step in the, process of pathogenicity. The formation of new fibrous tissue as a result of inflammation or injury, creating an abnormal union of surfaces or organs which are normally separate. Adhesions may contract, constricting organs, blocking normal function (ex: Adhesions intestinal blockage) or strangling blood supplies. (ex: cutting of blood supply to kidneys). Adhesions are initiated by trauma, infections and foreign debris such as glove powder and lint. Molecules located on the surface of a pathogen that bind to specific surface receptors on the cells of the host tissues Adhesions (pathogens) and to surfaces to initiate biofilm formation. An amplifier or augmenter. Added to a vaccine, it improves the protective response of the recipient. Added to a wound (e.g., lint, powder, hair), it amplifies the immune response to the particles and distracts the immune response Adjuvant away from the smaller, contaminating bacteria which are perceived as less of a threat. These neglected bacteria are then then free to multiply and become an infection. Glossary Update 6/21/2011 1 of 52 Kimberly-Clark Health Care Glossary To Augment Knowledge Network Educational Offerings Department of Medical Sciences and Clinical Education Administration sets Tubing sets that connect the feeding bag or container to the feeding tube; or IV lines to vascular catheters. These controls include the development of policies, standards, procedures, and decision guidelines to address Administrative controls specific situations ranging from routine daily operations to disease outbreaks or disaster scenarios. Adsorb Adhere to the surface of a material (e.g. salt adsorbs to the surface of popcorn). Adventitious breath sounds Abnormal breath sounds. Aerobe Organism that requires oxygen for survival. Afebrile Without fever. Agency for Healthcare AHRQ is the lead Federal agency charged with improving the quality, safety, efficiency, and effectiveness of Research and Quality healthcare (AHRQ) Designed to reduce the risk of airborne infectious agents. Airborne droplets (nuclei) are less than 5 microns in size and contain microorganisms that are infectious through the respiratory route. These tiny droplets are small enough to easily float in air currents allowing the organisms to spread easily and travel significant distances. An N95, P2, or Airborne precautions higher level respirator should be worn when entering the patient's room and not removed until after leaving. Special air handling, negative pressure conditions with external exhaust are required. Infections requiring airborne precautions include measles, legionella, disseminated herpes, or Varicella zoster, avian flu, SARS, smallpox, and chicken pox (if caregiver is not immune). A general term which means to keep the airway clear; includes tracheal suction that may or may not require disconnection from the ventilator to allow suction of collecting mucus distal to ET or T tube. Many other procedures Airway management fall under the Airway Management name. Is a concept used in respiratory physiology to describe mechanical factors which limit the access of inspired air to the Airway resistance (Raw) pulmonary alveoli, and thus determine airflow. Plasma proteins synthesized in the liver, responsible for colloidal osmotic pressure; also a transport protein for fatty acids, bilirubin, many drugs, and hormones. A decrease in serum albumin may occur with metabolic stresses such a Albumin liver disease, malnutrition, severe burns, and kidney failure. Analysis of level and types of albumin in blood, urine and other fluids is the basis of many diagnostic tests. In appropriate concentrations, alcohol rubs provide the most rapid and greatest reduction in microbial counts on skin, but have no persistent activity unless provided by additives. They are NOT effective against spores (ex: Clostridium Alcohol hand rubs difficile (diarrhea), Clostridium perfringens (gas gangrene), Clostridium tetani (tetanus, lockjaw), anthrax spores (anthrax). Alimentation Nourishment, feeding. Alkalemia A blood condition in which the pH is greater than 7.4. A condition in which the body fluids have excess base (alkali). This is the opposite of excess acid (acidosis). Alkalosis An exogenous (foreign) antigen, usually a protein, that is able to elicit an IgE antibody response and thus activate Allergen mast cells. Every allergen is a type of antigen, but not every antigen is an allergen. An allergic rash (Type IV) with physiological memory to the chemical sensitizer which caused it (meaning it will cause Allergic contact dermatitis symptoms again with subsequent exposure). The immunologic state induced in a susceptible individual by an allergen; characterized by a marked change in the Allergy subject’s reactivity