Editor: Prof. Dr. Burkhard Madea Institute of Forensic Medicine, University Hospital Bonn Stiftsplatz 12, 53111 Bonn, Germany, E-mail: [email protected] Burkhard Madea [Ed.] History of Forensic Medicine History of Forensic Medicine Copyright © 2017 Lehmanns Media GmbH, Berlin, Germany All rights reserved Printed in Poland by Totem • Inowrocław Published by Lehmanns Media GmbH, Helmholtzstr. 2-9, 10587 Berlin, Germany Cover Designer: Bernhard Bönisch Interior Designer: LATEX(Zapf Palatino) Volker Thurner ISBN 978-3-86541-928-6 www.lehmanns.de Contents History of Forensic Medicine – Preface Burkhard Madea 11 1 History of Forensic Medicine – a brief introduction Burkhard Madea 13 Definitions . 13 Civilizations of the Near East and China . 19 Justinian enactments . 20 Further development (Italian town charters) . 21 Forensic medicine as a book science . 22 Forensic medicine as an experimental science . 26 Current problems . 34 References . 36 2 History of the autopsy Burkhard Madea 38 References . 59 3 Historical development of Forensic Medicine in Austria Stefan Pollak 62 Introduction . 62 History of Forensic Medicine in Austria . 62 Current structure of medico-legal services . 70 Teaching . 70 Leading personalities . 71 Main books and journals . 71 National scientific society . 74 Regular national scientific meetings . 74 Cooperation on the national and international level . 74 Final remarks . 75 4 The History of Chinese Forensic Medicine and Science Xinshan CHEN, Ruiting HUANG 78 Section 1 Introduction . 78 Section 2 Forensic Medicine and Science in Ancient China . 78 Section 3 Modern Chinese Forensic Medicine and Science . 85 Section 4 Chinese Forensic Medicine and Science Education . 89 Section 5 Leading personalities within Chinese Forensic Medicine and Science 94 Section 6 Main National Scientific Societies in the Field of Forensic Medicine and Science . 99 Section 7 National Literature in the Field of Legal Medicine and Forensic Science . 100 Section 8 International cooperation and future prospects . 104 References . 105 5 Forensic Medicine in France Bertrand Ludes 108 1 Introduction . 108 2 History of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences in the country . 108 3 Current structure of the medico-legal and forensic services in the country 114 4 Teaching of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Science . 118 5 Scientific achievements . 120 6 Main books and regular national scientific journals in the field of Legal Medicine and Forensic Science . 121 7 National scientific societies in the fields of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Science . 122 Conclusion . 123 References . 124 6 History of Forensic Medicine in Germany Burkhard Madea, Johanna Preuß-Wössner, Gunther Geserick, Ingo Wirth, Eber- hard Lignitz 126 Introduction . 126 History of Forensic Medicine in Germany . 127 German Society of Forensic Medicine . 131 Portraits of some of the founders of the German Society of Legal Medicine . 132 History of Forensic Medicine in the Weimar Republic . 138 Forensic Medicine during National Socialism . 142 Forensic Medicine in the German Democratic Republic . 150 Main scientists . 163 Journals . 166 Textbooks on Legal Medicine . 167 Education . 169 Present situation . 171 Financing . 174 References . 175 7 History of Forensic Medicine in Greece Theodore Vougiouklakis 178 1. Introduction . 178 2. History of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Science in the country . 178 3. Current structure of the medico-legal and forensic services in the country 181 4. Teaching of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Science . 182 5. Leading personalities of the country within the Forensic Medicine and Forensic Science . 183 6 6. Main books and regular national scientific journals in the field of Legal Medicine and Forensic Science . 184 7. National scientific societies in the fields of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Science . 185 8. Regular national scientific meetings within the Legal Medicine and Foren- sic Science . 185 9. Cooperation at national and international level . 186 10. Future prospects of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences in the coun- try and the final remarks . 186 References . 187 8 The Development of Forensic Medicine in Hong Kong Philip Beh 188 The Development of Forensic Science . 193 Other areas of forensic science . 194 Fire Investigation . 195 Forensic Odontology . 195 Forensic Education . 196 Private Forensics . 196 References . 197 9 Legal Medicine in Italy Cristina Cattaneo, Riccardo Zoia 198 History of Legal Medicine in Italy . 198 The present scenario . 201 Forensic pathology: scene of crime, autopsies and related laboratory work . 201 Clinical forensic medicine . 203 Social and Insurance Medicine and other forms of medico legal activity . 204 Experts and Courts . 204 Text books and Journals . 205 University Institutes: academic teaching and training . 206 Associations and Annual meetings . 209 Bibliography . 210 10 History of Forensic Medicine and autopsy in Japan Toshikazu Kondo, Takaki Ishikawa, Kenji Ishihara 211 1. Introduction . 211 2. Early modern Japan . 211 3. Late Modern Japan . 214 4. Modern Japan . 215 Conclusion . 217 References . 218 7 11 Forensic Medicine and related disciplines in Poland Krzysztof Jerzy Wo´zniak,Erazm Baran, Tomasz Konopka 219 1. Introduction . 219 2. History of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Science on Polish soil . 219 3. Medico-legal and Forensic Medicine services in the Republic of Poland . 224 4. Teaching of Forensic Medicine and related disciplines in Poland . 228 5. Leading personalities in the history of Forensic Medicine in Poland . 229 6. Main books and regular national scientific journals in the field of Legal Medicine and Forensic Science . 231 7. National scientific societies in the field of Legal Medicine and Forensic Science . 232 8. Regular national scientific meetings within Legal Medicine and Forensic Science . 233 9. Cooperation at international level . 233 10. Future prospects of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences in Poland and final remarks . 234 References . 235 12 Historical aspects of Legal Medicine in Romania George Cristian Curca,˘ Octavian Buda, Violeta Ionela Chirica˘ 238 References . 254 13 History of Russian Forensic Medicine Vladimir Klevno, Viktor Nazarov 255 1. Introduction . 255 2. History of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Medical Science in the Russian Federation . 255 3. Modern structure of forensic medical Service and forensic medical activity in Russia . ..