Regional consultative workshop on antimicrobial resistance risk associated with aquaculture in the Asia-Pacific I Regional Consultative Workshop on Antimicrobial Resistance Risk Associated with Aquaculture in the Asia-Pacific Bangkok, Thailand, 4–6 September 2018 Edited by Eduardo M. Leaño Senior Programme Officer Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific Bangkok, Thailand Miao Weimin Aquaculture Officer FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific Bangkok, Thailand Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific Bangkok, 2021 I Regional consultative workshop on antimicrobial resistance risk associated with aquaculture in the Asia-Pacific Required citation Leaño, E.M. & Weimin, M. eds. 2020. Regional consultative workshop on antimicrobial resistance risk associated with aquaculture in the Asia-Pacific. Bangkok, Thailand, 4–6 September 2018. Bangkok, FAO. 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FAO information products are available on the FAO Web site (www.fao.org/publications) and can be purchased through [email protected]. Requests for commercial use should be submitted via: www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request. Queries regarding rights and licensing should be submitted to: [email protected]. Cover photos: left: © NACA/Eduardo M. Leaño - Top right: © DoF, Malaysia - Bottom right: © NACA/Eduardo M. Leaño II Preparation of this document This publication documents the FAO-supported ‘Regional Consultation on Antimicrobial Resistance Risk Associated with Aquaculture in the Asia–Pacific Region’, which was jointly conducted by the Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific (NACA) and the FAO Regional Office for Asia and Pacific (FAO-RAP) from 4 to 6 September 2018. The publication presents the background, objective, preparation process, expected outcomes and the main conclusions and recommendations from the regional consultation. The publication includes the seven country case study reports on the status of antimicrobial use in aquaculture and the efforts to manage the risks of antimicrobial resistance, which were contributed by national experts. A regional synthesis by an international consultant is also provided. The publication was jointly prepared by officers at NACA and FAO. © NACA IIIiii Regional consultative workshop on antimicrobial resistance risk associated with aquaculture in the Asia-Pacific IV Contents Preparation of this document iii Abbreviations and acronyms vii Executive summary xi Background 1 Regional consultation 3 Purpose of the regional consultation 3 Expected outputs 3 Country assessment study and regional synthesis 3 Consultation arrangement 4 Opening session 4 Plenary presentations 5 Country presentations 7 Other presentations 7 Working group sessions 8 Outputs from the working group sessions 8 Recommendations from the consultation 9 Strengthening AMU/AMR regulations and their enforcement 9 Enhancement of AMU/AMR awareness 10 Establishing an AMU/AMR surveillance system and mechanism 10 Support development and use of alternatives to antimicrobials 11 Strengthening farm-level capacity for good aquatic animal health management 11 to minimize the use of antimicrobials Support research to bridge the knowledge gaps 12 Status of AMU and AMR in the aquaculture sector of the Asia-Pacific region 13 Introduction 13 Key facts about AMU and AMR 13 Status of AMU in the aquaculture sector of the Asia-Pacific region 15 Issues and gaps 18 Recommendations 18 Conclusion 19 References 19 Vv Regional consultative workshop on antimicrobial resistance risk associated with aquaculture in the Asia-Pacific Annex 1 Programme of the regional consultation 21 Annex 2 List of participants of the regional consultation 23 Annex 3 Antimicrobial use in aquaculture: Important bacterial diseases of 30 aquatic animals Annex 4 Regional overview on current laws and regulations relevant to AMU 36 and AMR Annex 5 Country case study reports 40 Country case study 1 Assessment report on AMU and AMR risk in aquaculture 41 in China Country case study 2 Assessment report on AMU and AMR risk in aquaculture 52 in India Country case study 3 Assessment report on AMU and AMR risk in aquaculture 71 in Indonesia Country case study 4 Assessment report on AMU and AMR risk in aquaculture 81 in Malaysia Country case study 5 Assessment report on AMU and AMR risk in aquaculture 94 in the Philippines Country case study 6 Assessment report on AMU and AMR risk in aquaculture 110 in Singapore Country case study 7 Assessment report on AMU and AMR risk in aquaculture 117 in Viet Nam VIvi Abbreviations and acronyms AHPND Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease AM Antimicrobial AMR Antimicrobial resistance AMU Antimicrobial use API Active pharmaceutical ingredient ARG Antimicrobial resistance gene ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations AST Antimicrobial sensitivity testing AVA Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority (Singapore) BAI-DA Bureau of Animal Industry – Department of Agriculture (Philippines) BFAR Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (Philippines) BNP Bacilliary necrosis of Pangasianodon CA Competent Authority CAA Coastal Aquaculture Authority (India) CDSCO Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (India) CEV Carp edema virus CIBA Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture (India) CIFA Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (India) CIFE Central Institute of Fisheries Education (India) CIFRI Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (India) CIFT Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (India) CLSI Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (India) CIMFRI Central Institute of Marine Fisheries Research Institute (India) CNY Chinese yuan CyHv-2 Cyprinid herpesvirus-2 DA Department of Agriculture (Philippines) DAH Department of Animal Health (Viet Nam) DAHDF Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries (India) DARE Department of Agriculture Research and Education (India) DCFR Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries (India) DCGI Drugs Controller General of India DGA Directorate General of Aquaculture (Indonesia) VIIvii Regional consultative workshop on antimicrobial resistance risk associated with aquaculture in the Asia-Pacific DGA-TIU DGA-Terminal Implementing Unit (Indonesia) DOF Department of Fisheries (Malaysia) DTQS Department of Technology and Quality Supervision (China) DVS Department of Veterinary Services (Malaysia) EHP Hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis caused by Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei EIC Export Inspection Council (India) ESC Enteric septicaemia of catfish EU European Union FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO-FIRA FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department FAO-RAP FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific FDA-DOH Food and Drug Administration of the Department of Health (Philippines) FHO Fish health officer (Philippines) FSSAI Food Safety and Standards Authority of India GAP Good aquaculture