The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: Evaluation of Services for Domestic Minor Victims of Human Trafficking Author(s): Deborah Gibbs, Jennifer L. Hardison Walters, Alexandra Lutnick, Shari Miller, Marianne Kluckman Document No.: 248578 Date Received: January 2015 Award Number: 2009-VF-GX-0206 This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally- funded grant report available electronically. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. August 2014 Evaluation of Services for Domestic Minor Victims of Human Trafficking Final Report Prepared for National Institute of Justice Office of Justice Programs U.S. Department of Justice 810 Seventh Street, NW Washington, DC 20531 Prepared by Deborah Gibbs Jennifer L. Hardison Walters Alexandra Lutnick Shari Miller Marianne Kluckman RTI International 3040 E. Cornwallis Road Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 RTI Project Number 0212382.001.001 This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. RTI Project Number 0212382.001.001 Evaluation of Services for Domestic Minor Victims of Human Trafficking Final Report August 2014 Prepared for National Institute of Justice Office of Justice Programs U.S. Department of Justice 810 Seventh Street, NW Washington, DC 20531 Prepared by Deborah Gibbs Jennifer L. Hardison Walters Alexandra Lutnick Shari Miller Marianne Kluckman RTI International 3040 E. Cornwallis Road Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 _________________________________ RTI International is a trade name of Research Triangle Institute. This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Contents Section Page Executive Summary 1 1. Background 1-1 1.1 Minor Victim Trafficking ............................................................................. 1-1 1.2 Services for Minor Victims of Human Trafficking ........................................... 1-2 1.3 Evaluation of Services for Minor Victims of Human Trafficking ........................ 1-4 2. Methods 2-1 2.1 Evaluation Plan Development ..................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Data Collection ........................................................................................ 2-1 2.2.1 Program Data ................................................................................ 2-1 2.2.2 Key Informant Interviews ................................................................ 2-2 2.2.3 Case Narrative Interviews ............................................................... 2-3 2.3 Analysis .................................................................................................. 2-4 2.3.1 Quantitative Data ........................................................................... 2-4 2.3.2 Qualitative Data ............................................................................. 2-5 2.4 Terminology and Language ........................................................................ 2-5 3. Who WAs Served by the OVC-Funded Programs? 3-1 3.1 Client Characteristics ................................................................................ 3-1 3.1.1 Demographics ................................................................................ 3-1 3.1.2 Functional Status ........................................................................... 3-3 3.2 Social Context ......................................................................................... 3-5 3.2.1 Family .......................................................................................... 3-5 3.2.2 Living Situations ............................................................................ 3-7 3.2.3 System Involvement ....................................................................... 3-9 3.3 Trafficking Experiences ........................................................................... 3-13 3.3.1 Type of Trafficking ........................................................................ 3-13 3.3.2 Entry to Trafficking ....................................................................... 3-15 3.3.3 Facilitator Relationships ................................................................ 3-16 3.3.4 Trafficking Transactions ................................................................ 3-18 4. How DID Programs Engage and Serve Trafficked Minors? 4-1 iii This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. 4.1 Overview of OVC-Funded Programs ............................................................ 4-1 4.2 Referral Sources ...................................................................................... 4-3 4.3 Outreach Efforts ....................................................................................... 4-5 4.3.1 Training and Technical Assistance .................................................... 4-5 4.3.2 Outreach to Young People ............................................................... 4-6 4.4 Engagement ............................................................................................ 4-7 4.4.1 Initial Contact and Intake ................................................................ 4-7 4.4.2 Maintaining Engagement ................................................................. 4-9 4.5 Service Needs and Service Delivery .......................................................... 4-11 4.6 Program Approaches to Service Delivery ................................................... 4-13 4.6.1 Case Management and Collaboration .............................................. 4-13 4.6.2 Service Delivery Challenges and Strategies ..................................... 4-15 5. How Did Clients and Staff Experience the Programs? 5-1 5.1 Client Experiences .................................................................................... 5-1 5.2 Staff and Program Experiences .................................................................. 5-4 6. Discussion, Recommendations and Conclusions 6-1 6.1 Discussion ............................................................................................... 6-1 6.2 Recommendations .................................................................................... 6-3 6.2.1 Recommendations for a Coordinated Community Response to Minor Victim Trafficking ........................................................................... 6-3 6.2.2 Recommendations for Development of Trafficking-Specific Programs ...................................................................................... 6-4 6.2.3 Recommendations for Programs Serving Young People at Risk of Trafficking ..................................................................................... 6-6 6.3 Conclusions ............................................................................................. 6-7 References 1 Youth Status at Intake and Assessment ................................................................. 1 Client Service Needs and Service Provision ............................................................ 1 Closing Status .................................................................................................... 1 Program Staff Interview Guide ............................................................................. 3 Partner Agencies Interview Guide ......................................................................... 7 Case History Narrative Interview Guide ............................................................... 11 iv This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Appendices 1 Data Collection Instruments A1-1 2 Interview Topic Guides A2-1 v This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Figures Number Page 1 Gender ......................................................................................................... 3-1 2 Race/Ethnicity ..............................................................................................