TENACITY OF GERMAN CONSPIRACY AGAINST NAZI REGIME IN BRIAN SINGER‟S VALKYRIE MOVIE (2008): A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH RESEARCH PAPER Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education in English Department by HANIF NURCHOLISH ADIANTIKA A 320 080 061 SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA 2012 ii iii TESTIMONY I hereby assert that there is no plagiarism in this research paper. There is no other work that has been submitted to obtain bachelor degree and as far as I concerned there is no opinion that has been written or published before, except the written references which are referred in this paper and mentioned in the bibliography. If only here will be any incorrectness proved in the future in my statement above, I will be fully responsible. Surakarta, June 2012 The writer Hanif Nurcholish Adiantika iv MOTTO Struggle is the father of all things. If you do not fight, life will never be won. (Adolf Hitler) A fool thinks himself to be wise but a wise man knows himself to be a fool. (Writer) Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. ( Writer) Knowledge and skills are tools, the workman is character. (Writer) v DEDICATION THIS RESEARCH PAPER IS DEDICATED TO : My GOD of Islam, the way of life. My beloved parents “Mamah and Bapak “. My beloved sisters “eneng sifa”. My beloved brothers “hafid kolopid and dede husni”. My beloved “Luphy” (Rina). My beloved best friends. vi ACKNOWLEDGMENT Assalamualaikum Wr. Wb Alhamdulillahirabbil’alamin, praise and gratitude to Allah SWT, The Most Glorious, The Most Merciful, The Lord of Universe, who gives a million blessings, miracle and uncountable gifts to the writter. So he can accomplish his research paper entitled “Tenacity of German Conspiracy Against Nazi Regime in Brian Singer’s Valkyrie (2008) movie: A Sociological Approach” as the requirement for getting the bachelor degree of Education in English Department of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. The writer realizes that this research paper would never been possible without fully aware that people’s help and guidence. Therefore, in this occasion, he would like to extend his gratitude and appreciation to : 1. Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M.Si., Dean of School of Teacher Training and Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, for approving this research paper, 2. Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M. Ed., as the first consultant, who has given the greatest guidence, advice, and information patiently during the arrangement of the research paper, 3. Titis Setyabudi, S.S., M. Hum., Head of English Department Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, and also the second consultant who has improved the writing of research in order to make this research paper more interesting to be read in correct sentences, vii 4. Drs. H. Abdillah Nugroho, M.Hum., as the examiner who has examined the writer and giving many advices and suggestions. 5. All of the lecturers in English Department at Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, for transferring the knowledge and giving guidence, 6. All the staff of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, for the services and helping, 7. All the librarians whose place has been visited by writer to get references, 8. His beloved parents, Mamah (Dra. Ida Rosdiana) and Bapak (Drs. Dadang Rudianto) for their unconditional love, prayer, patience, care, sacrifices, and tireless support the writer in every need, 9. His sweetest sister (Khalida Sifa) and two beloved brothers (Hafid Fauzan Nurfirdaus and Husni Qoulan Syadida) for all the jokes, care, and give spirit to the daily life, 10. His beloved “ Luphy” (Rina “painem”), for everything that has changed the writer’s life more cheerful and meaningful, who help the writer in finishing the research paper, for all the big supports, care, togetherness and affection, 11. His friends, Gugun, August, Willy, Yombi, Daeng, Panji, A McDean, Suji, Wawan, for this warm friendship that has changed the writer’s life more colorful, 12. Mas Sigit, Mba Laras, Mas Juned‟s Family, Mba Ochi, Rizki, Mba Yeni, Mas Firman, Mba Fijri, Mba Rimba „n Harris, Mba Ika, Sasa, Pandu, Arif “bogel”, pak Sabar, Yosi, Yogi, Oka, Ilham, Huda, Ikhwan, Saga for care, togetherness and support. 13. His friends in “Al-Hanif” boarding house, Mas Uki, Mas Frendit, Mas Alfan, Mas Edo, Mas Adit, Mas Chandra, Imam “tuwek”, Budi “mbako”, Budi “kubis, Shandy “gandhos”, Dhana “bajul”, Wahyu “lampung”, Ikhvan viii “penthol”, Rigi, Danang, Firman, Awan “boncel”, Awan kethek” and etc for the help, support, happy days in “Al-Hanif” boarding house. 14. His friends in Futsal Team, Satrio, Narko, Juli, Miftah, Dedi, Sulis, Anggoro, Acep, Arkin, Fian, Hermin, Juki, Bayu, Edi, and etc for the support and help in Futsal Team.. 15. His big family, Aki, Eni, Apih, Enin, Wa Dedi‟s family, Wa Toto‟s family, Irfan, Riza, Isal, A Reza, teh Nisa, the Riska, de Nurul, Eki, and etc, for a true love, cares, valuable lessons, gifts and everything that have created a beautiful family. 16. His friends in English Department ’08 for companionship and togetherness. 17. His “Toshiba, Axio, which help the writer in finishing the research paper. 18. His “KARISMA E 6243 YJ, MIO K 3786 Z, V-IXION E 2602 ZD and V- IXION E 6193 ZE“, for help, togetherness the accompanying the writer in finishing the research paper. 19. His partner who has helped to finish his research paper, Maz Odix Rental. 20. And others which cannot be mentioned one by one, who help the writer in finishing the research paper and for all the supports. The writer realizes that this research paper is still far from being perfect and still needs many improvements. However, the writer hopes this research paper will give useful significance to readers. Wassalamu’alaikum Wr.Wb Surakarta, June 2012 Hanif Nurcholish Adiantika ix TABLE OF CONTENT Page TITLE ............................................................................................................. i APPROVAL ................................................................................................... ii ACCEPTANCE .............................................................................................. iii TESTIMONY ................................................................................................. iv MOTTO .......................................................................................................... v DEDICATION ................................................................................................ vi ACKNOWLEDGMENT ............................................................................... vii TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................. x LIST OF FIGURE ......................................................................................... xvi ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... xxi CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study .................................................... 1 B. Literature Review ............................................................... 13 C. Problem Statement ............................................................. 16 D. Limitation of the Study ...................................................... 16 E. The Objective of the Study................................................. 16 F. Benefits of the Study .......................................................... 16 G. Research Method ................................................................ 17 H. Research Paper Organization ............................................. 19 x CHAPTER II : UNDERLYING THEORY A. Sociology of Literature .................................................... 21 B. The Perspective of Sociology of Literature 1. Sociology of the Document ........................................ 24 2. Sociology of the Writer .............................................. 25 3. Sociology of the Reader ............................................. 27 C. Structural Elements of the Movie 1. Narrative Elements ..................................................... 29 2. Technical Elements .................................................... 34 D. Theoretical Application .................................................... 40 CHAPTER III: SOCIAL HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF AMERICAN SOCIETY IN THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY A. Social Aspect .................................................................... 43 1. Upper Class or Higher Class ...................................... 44 2. Middle Class .............................................................. 44 3. The Working Class ..................................................... 46 a. Immigration .............................................. 47 b. Urbanization ............................................. 49 B. Economic Aspect ............................................................. 50 C. Political Aspect ................................................................ 53 1. Party ....................................................................... 53 xi 2. Government Control ............................................... 54 3. Women Opportunities ............................................ 57 4. Negro Rights .......................................................... 58 D. Science and Technology Aspect ..................................... 58 1. New Sources of Energy .......................................... 58 2. The Assembly Line ................................................ 59 3. Advertising and